Syracosphaera bannockii HOL


Classification: Coccolithophores -> Holococcoliths -> flat-topped -> Zygosphaera -> Syracosphaera bannockii HOL
Sister taxa: S. bannockii HOL, Z. amoena, Z. marsilii, Z. sp.,

Distinguishing features: BCs with transverse ridge one crystallite wide.
CFCs with central opening and well-developed triangular leaf.


Taxonomy:

Citation: Syracosphaera bannockii (Borsetti & Cati 1976) Cros et al., 2000 HOL
Rank: Form
Basionym: Sphaerocalyptra bannockii Borsetti & Cati 1976
Variants: Corisphaera sp. type A (Kleijne 1991) - similar to typical form but with a central opening on the distal surface, spanned by the transverse ridge. Coccospheres with both this form and the typical form occur (Cros et al. 2000, our obs.).

Farinacci & Howe catalog pages: Sphaerocalyptra bannockii *

Distinguishing features: BCs with transverse ridge one crystallite wide.
CFCs with central opening and well-developed triangular leaf.


Size: Liths 1-1.5 µm long.

Biology & life-cycles: Cros et al. 2000 illustrated an unambiguous combination coccosphere with the heterococcolith phase, which had not previously been described. Additional specimens have been observed in a mixed bloom of the holococcolith and heterococcolith phases in the Bay of Biscay (Daniels et al. 2014).

Search data:
TagsLITHS: holococcolith, H: cavate, H: disk-like, elliptical, RIM: H: tube (Holos), CA: H: distal-cover, H: distal-cover-flat, H: fabric-concentric,
CSPH: ovoid, CFC, CFC+bridge, polymorphic, V-UNITS: none, R-UNITS: all, c-str, rim,
MetricsLith size: 0.8->1.5µm; Coccosphere size: 4.5->7µm; Liths per sphere: 50->100
Sources: morphom data from Yang & Wei (2003), Cros & Fortuño (2002) & Kleijne 1991
The morphological data given here can be used on the advanced search page. See also these notes

See also: Syracosphaera bannockii ;

Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): Extant Data source: present in the plankton (Young et al. 2003)
First occurrence (base): within No known fossil record modern (0.00-0.00Ma, base in stage). Data source: [JRY rough estimate]

Plot of occurrence data:

References:

Borsetti, A.M. & Cati, F., (1976). Il Nannoplancton calcareo vivente nel Tirreno Centro-meridionale. Parte II. Giornale di Geologia, 40(1): 209-240.

Cros, L.; Kleijne, A.; Zeltner, A.; Billard, C. & Young, J.R., (2000). New examples of holococcolith-heterococcolith combination coccospheres and their implications for coccolithophorid biology. Marine Micropaleontology, 39(1-4): 1-34.

Daniels, C.J.; Tyrrell, T.; Poulton, A.J. & Young, J.R., (2014). A mixed life-cycle stage bloom of Syracosphaera bannockii (Borsetti and Cati, 1976) Cros et al. 2000 (Bay of Biscay April 2010). Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 34(special): 31-35.

Kleijne, A., (1991). Holococcolithophorids from the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology, 17: 1-76.

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Syracosphaera bannockii HOL compiled by Jeremy R. Young, Paul R. Bown, Jacqueline A. Lees viewed: 22-7-2018

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Maria Triantaphyllou (Greece)
The combination coccospheres found (Dimiza et al., 2008, Pl.2, figs1-6) involving Z. amoena, S.bannockii HOL-solid and transitional forms to S. bannockii HOL- bridged implies that all three taxa should belong to the same species. Syracosphaera Lohmann 1902 has priority over Zygosphaera Kamptner 1937 emend. Heimdal 1982 and the species Z. amoena Kamptner 1937 has priority over S.bannockii (Borsetti and Cati 1976) Cros et al.2000, therefore Dimiza et al. (2008) proposed the new combination Syracosphaera amoena (Kamptner 1937) Dimiza and Triantaphyllou comb. nov. for the established association. A non-Linnean terminology should be used, e.g. S.amoena HOL- bridged [“Corisphaera sp. type A”], S.amoena HOL solid transverse [Z bannockii] and S.amoena HOL solid longtitudinal [Z. amoena]
DIMIZA, M., TRIANTAPHYLLOU, M.V., DERMITZAKIS, M.D., 2008. Seasonality and ecology of living coccolithophores in E. Mediterranean coastal environments. Micropaleontology 54:159-175
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Jeremy Young (UCL, UK)
Good point and I should definitely mention this on the relevant pages. I think I'd like to see HET-HOL combination cells though before changing the names
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