Nannotax3 - ntax_non_cocco - Thoracosphaeraceae

Thoracosphaeraceae

Classification: ntax_non_cocco -> Dinophytes -> Thoracosphaeraceae
Sister taxa: Organic-walled dinoflagellates, Silicifying dinoflagellates, Thoracosphaeraceae

Distinguishing features: Calcareous dinoflagellates

Daughter taxa: (blue => in age window 0-800Ma)		Granddaughter taxa
	Tangential wall Wall formed of crystals with tangential c-axes (Thoracosphara s.l.)	Calcigonellum Calciodinellum Centosphaera Cervisiella Fuettererella Lebessphaera Operculodinella Scrippsiella Thoracosphaera
	Radial wall Wall formed of crystals with radial c-axes (Orthopithonella s.l.)	Bitorus Caracomia Congruentia Echinodinella Leonella Orthopithonella Orthotabulata Ruegenia
	Oblique wall Wall formed of crystals with oblique c-axes (Obliquipithonella s.l.)	Calcicarpinum Melodomuncula Pernambugia Pirumella Retesphaera
	Possible Thoracosphaeraceae These taxa are generally accepted in the calcisphere literature, even if their affinities are not sure	Alasphaera Calciperidinium Calcipterellum Carinasphaera Carinellum Cubodinellum Cylindrodinellum Dimorphosphaera Ensiculifera Follisdinellum Gonellum Heptasphaera Keuppisphaera Nephrodinella Orthocarinellum Pentadinellum Praecalcigonellum Pseudopithonella Saumuria Sliteria Tetramerosphaera Vertebrellum
	Pithonellid Discrete Mesozoic group with regularly oblique c-axes	Bicarinellum Coronadinium Lentodinella Normandia Pithonella Praecalcisphaerula Septiareata Tetratropis Wallia
	Calcispheres inc sedis Described taxa included in the Farinacci catalog but not included elsewhere (mostly poorly documented taxa)
	unidentified calcispheres

Taxonomy:

Citation: Thoracosphaeraceae Schiller 1930, emend. Tangen, in Tangen et al. 1982

Rank: Family

Type species: Thoracosphaera

Taxonomic discussion: Recent research (Gottschling et al. 2012, Gottschling & Soehner 2013) has indicated that all the extant calcfiyng dinoflagellates belong to a single clade, irrespective of whether they calcify in the vegatetive phae or only to form resting cysts and irrespctive of wall structure. Palaeontologocial studies suggest that most fossil caclispheres are directly related to the modern taxa so the current consensus is that all calcispheres should be included in he faimly Thoracosphaeraceae.
As in the haptophytes, it appears likely that calcfication evolved only once in the group. Calcification has however been lost several times since various non-calcifiying dinophytes occur in the Thoracosphaeraceae, these forms are not included here.

Catalog entries: Thoracosphaeraceae [no catalog entry yet]

Distinguishing features: Calcareous dinoflagellates

See also: Mesozoic non–coccoliths - a few Mesozoic calcispheres with unusual structure are included in the Mesozoc module.;

Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): Extant Data source: Total of range of species in this database
First occurrence (base): within Carnian Stage (228.35-237.00Ma, base in Carnian stage). Data source: Total of range of species in this database

References:

Gottschling, M. & Soehner, S. (2013). An updated list of generic names in the Thoracosphaeraceae. Microorganisms. 1(1): 122-136. gs

Gottschling, M. et al. (2012). Delimitation of the Thoracosphaeraceae (Dinophyceae), including the calcareous dinoflagellates, based on large amounts of ribosomal RNA sequence data. Protist. 163: 15-24. gs

Schiller, J. (1930). Coccolithineae. In, Rabenhorst, L. (ed.) Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig 89-267. gs

Tangen, K., Brand, L. E., Blackwelder, P. L. & Guillard, R. R. L. (1982). Thoracosphaera heimii (Lohmann) Kamptner is a dinophtye: Obsevations on its morphology and life cycle. Marine Micropaleontology. 7: 193-212. gs

Thoracosphaeraceae compiled by Jeremy R. Young viewed: 18-1-2021

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