Halldal & Markali 1954 f2.jpg
Halldal & Markali 1954 f3.jpg
Original descriptions of taxa - also emended descriptions for a few taxa. For coccolithophores, and many calcispheres, these are pages from the Farinacci & Howe Catalog of Calcareous Nannofossils. In other cases (e.g. non-calcifying haptophytes) the data is directly compiled on this site. The "Catalogue of Calcareous Nannofossils" was originally compiled by Prof A. Farinacci 1969-1989, since 2000 it has been updated and extended by Richard Howe - see The Farinacci and Howe Catalog - an Introduction.
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Halldal & Markali 1954 f2.jpg
Halldal & Markali 1954 f3.jpgCurrent identification/main database link: Syracosphaera halldalii Gaarder & Hasle 1971
Compiled data
Outline history [JRY 2024]
Original Description
In Figure 2a a discolith from Syracosphaera mediterranea is seen in half side view. The coccolith is more or less covered by the cracked formvar film, but the outline of the film can be clearly distinguished from that of the coccolith. Schematically this coccolith may be divided into four parts (see Figure 3):—
(1) The bottom consists of 28 flat ribs (the numbers mentioned in this description may vary from one coccolith to the other), arranged at right angles to the elliptical outline. The bottom is concave, so it presumably fits the form of the cell.
(2) The cylindrical wall is split up into alternately broad and narrow elements, 56 in all. The narrow elements end in an arch ca. 0-1 ,M from the edge of the wall.
(3) The structure of the lower rim is closely connected with that of the wall, the narrow elements in the wall continuing as spade-shaped elements of the lower rim, the broad ones as tapering elements.
(4) The upper rim is split up into 28 elements which are evenly corrugated.
[NB part of the text may be missing as p.332 of the paper is missing from the PDF on the journal website; JRY July 2024]
Description, and notes, of Jordan & Green 1994
Coccosphere dimorphic consisting of two types of elliptical coccolith, namely body caneoliths and circum-flagellar caneoliths. Rim of both types of caneolith comprising a narrow flange, a high wall of about 60 alternating broad and narrow elements, and a wide distal flange of about 30 broad elements. Mid-wall flange absent. Rim surrounding 22-30 radiating laths covering the proximal part of the central area. Circum-flagellar caneoliths fewer in number, possessing a central process in the central area. Caneoliths of both types occasionally possessing additional structures; small finger-like structures protruding into the central area from the top part of the inner wall surface. Caneolith length 2.0-3.3 µm, length/breadth ratio 1.3-1.5, height 0.4-0.6 µm, length of central process approx. 1.1 µm, breadth of distal flange approx. 0.3 µm.
Coccosphaera e coccolithis ellipticis dimorphis formata, aliis caneolithis corpus tengentibus, aliis caneolithis bases flagellorum cingentibus. Anulus caneolithi utriusque generis e limbo basali angusto et pariete alto, laevi e circiter 60 tabulis vicissim latis et angustis composito et limbo superiore lato e circiter 30 tabulis latis composito formatus, limbo intermedio parieti nullo. Pars centralis anulo cincta ad basem 22-30 lamellis radiantibus tecta. Caneolithi bases flagellorum cingentes pauciores, quisque rostro centrali armatus. Caneolithi utriusque generis interdum processibus digitaceis supra e parietibus intro prominentibus ornati. Longitudo caneolithi 2.0-3.3 µm; ratio longitudinis pro latitudine 1.3-1.5; altitudo 0.4-0.6 µm; longitudo rostri centralis circiter 1.1 µm; latitudo limbi superioris circiter 0.3 µm.
The description is based on the observations of Halldal and Markali (1954) and Gaarder and Heimdal (1977), and includes current terminology. There are still no published light microscopical observations on this species; thus no cell dimensions are given here. However, Gaarder and Heimdal (1977) quote a dimension of approx. 10µm for disintegrated coccospheres.
Since S. halldalii was invalidly published in Gaarder & Hasle (1971), the validity of subsequent related names has been brought into question. The genus Caneosphaera, created in the review of the Syracosphaera complex by Gaarder & Heimdal (1977), is invalid as they named S. halldalii as the type species. Although the combination C. molischii is thus also invalid,the validity of the basionym Syracosphaera molischii is not affected. However, the names C. halldalii f. dilatata (Heimdal & Gaarder, 1981) and S. halldalii f . dilatata (Jordan & Young, 1990) are invalid. To resolve this problem, S. dilatata was treated as a new species by Jordan et al. (1993)
Extra details from original publication
Editors' Notes
Gaarder, K. R. & Hasle, G. R. (1971). Coccolithophorids of the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science. 21: 519-544. gs Halldal, P. & Markali, J. (1954b). Observations on coccoliths of Syracosphaera mediterranea Lohm., S. pulchra Lohm. and S. molischii in the electron microscope. ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil. 19(3): 329-336. gs Jordan, R. W. & Green, J. C. (1994). A check-list of the extant haptophyta of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 74: 149-174. gsReferences:
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Syracosphaera halldalii: Catalog entry compiled by <% compiler %>. Viewed: 13-10-2026
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