Nannotax3 - ntax_cenozoic - Syracosphaera mediterranea HOL gracillima type

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Nannotax3 - ntax_cenozoic - Syracosphaera mediterranea HOL gracillima type Nannotax3 - ntax_cenozoic - Syracosphaera mediterranea HOL gracillima type

Syracosphaera mediterranea HOL gracillima type

Classification: ntax_cenozoic -> Holococcoliths -> flat-topped -> S. mediterranea HOL type -> Syracosphaera mediterranea HOL gracillima type
Sister taxa: C. multipora, S. histrica HOL, S. mediterranea HOL gracillima type, S. mediterranea HOL hellenica type, S. mediterranea HOL marisrubri type, S. mediterranea HOL wettsteinii type

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Taxonomy:

Citation: Syracosphaera mediterranea Lohmann 1902 HOL gracillima type, sensu Geisen et al., 2002

Taxonomic rank: species

Basionym: Calyptrosphaera gracillima Kamptner 1941

Synonyms:

Coronosphaera mediterranea (Lohmann 1902) Gaarder, in Gaarder & Heimdal, 1977 HOL gracillima type, sensu Geisen et al., 2002

Variants:

Calyptrolithophora hasleana (Gaarder 1962) Heimdal in Heimdal & Gaarder 1980 = Corisphaera hasleana Gaarder 1962 = Sphaerocalyptra hasleana (Gaarder) Kling 1975. Similar to C. gracillima but, central protrusion extended into bar and with rim around distal surface better developed (Kleijne 1991). Intergrades between the hasleana and gracillima morphotypes occur and the distinction is probably artificial.

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (S. mediterranea HOL type): Dimorphic - usually cavate
BCs with flat distal cover with or without openings; central boss
CFCs; with irregular bridge or distal cover arched upwards
This taxon: BCs tube flaring, no flange, hexagonal mesh fabric; distal cover flat, hexagonal mesh fabric without larger pores; discontinuous rim formed from two rows of crystallites; boss, prominent, slightly off-centre, with irregular fabric.
CFCs with arched distal surface rather than a clear bridge.

Farinacci & Howe catalog pages: C. gracillima * , C. gracillima * , C. hasleana + *

Morphology:

BCs tube flaring, no flange, hexagonal mesh fabric; distal cover flat, hexagonal mesh fabric without larger pores; discontinuous rim formed from two rows of crystallites; boss, prominent, slightly off-centre, with irregular fabric.
CFCs with arched distal surface rather than a clear bridge.

Biology & life-cycles

The life-cycle association was originally proposed based on a single, good, combination coccosphere observed by Cortes & Bollmann (2002), see also discussion in Geisen et al. (2002). It has since been confirmed by findings of additional combination coccospheres by Triantaphyllou et al. 2016.

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See also: Syracosphaera mediterranea ;

Search data:

LITHS: holococcolith, elliptical, hollow, CA: closed, process,
CSPH: elongated, CFC, CROSS-POLARS: V-prominent, R-prominent,

Lith size: 2->2.7µm; Coccosphere size: 10->14µm; Liths per sphere: 65->120
Data source notes: morphom data from Yang & Wei (2003), Cros & Fortuño (2002) & Kleijne 1991

The morphological data given here can be used on the advanced search page. See also these notes

Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: present in the plankton (Young et al. 2003)
First occurrence (base): within Quaternary Period (0.00-2.59Ma, base in Gelasian stage). Data source: [JRY rough estimate]

Plot of occurrence data:

Range-bar - range as quoted above, pink interval top occurs in, green interval base occurs in.
Triangles indicate an event for which a precise placement has been suggested
(NB There is no histogram as there are no occurrence records for the taxon in the Neptune database) Parent: S. mediterranea HOL type

References:

Cros, L. & Fortuño, J. -M. (2002). Atlas of northwestern Mediterranean coccolithophores. Scientia Marina. 66: 1-186. gs

Gaarder, K. R. (1962). Electron Microscope Studies on Holococcolithophorids. Nytt Magasin for Botanikk. 10: 35-51. gs O

Heimdal, B. R. & Gaarder, K. R. (1980). Coccolithophorids from the northern part of the eastern central Atlantic I. Holococcolithophorids. “Meteor” Forschungsergebnisse. 32: 1-14. gs

Kamptner, E. (1941). Die Coccolithineen der Südwestküste von Istrien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. 51: 54-149. gs O

Kleijne, A. (1991). Holococcolithophorids from the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology. 17: 1-76. gs

Kling, S. A. (1975). A lagoonal coccolithophore flora from Belize (British Honduras). Micropaleontology. 21(1): 1-13. gs

Lohmann, W. H. & Ellis, C. H. (1981). A new species and fossil occurrences of calcareoous nannoplankton in the Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Paleontology. 55(2): 389-394. gs

Okada, H. & McIntyre, A. (1977). Modern coccolithophores of the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Micropaleontology. 23(1): 1-55. gs

Triantaphyllou, M. et al. (2016). Coccolithophore combination coccospheres from the NE Mediterranean Sea: new evidence and taxonomic revisions. Micropaleontology. 61 [2015](6): 457-472. gs

Yang, T. -N., Wei, K. & Wu, J. -T. (2012). Marine coccolithophores around Taiwan. Biodiversity Research Center, Academica Sinica, Taipei. 1-96. gs

Young, J. R., Geisen, M., Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Probert, I. & Ostergaard, J. B. (2003). A guide to extant coccolithophore taxonomy. Journal of Nannoplankton Research. S1: 1-132. gs