Daughter taxa (time control age-window is: 0-800Ma) | |||||
flabellifera group - CFCs with axial cross & flat calyx of 2 blades; BCs with longitudinal bars | |||||
Pappomonas borealis CFCs with axial cross, spine and flat calyx of two similar, triangular blades, BCs 1-1.8 µm long, with 5-9 longitudinal bars AACs like BCs but 1 or 2 rim elements extended into lateral spines | |||||
Pappomonas flabellifera CFC with axial cross, spine and flat calyx of two disimilar blades. BCs 0.6-0.9 µm long, with 3 or 4 longitudinal bars AACs like CFCs but with lower spine and smaller more symetrical clayx | |||||
Pappomonas garrisonii CFCs with axial cross, spine and flat calyx of two similar, diverging blades each with central rod BCs with 5 longitudinal bars and one crossbar AACs like CFCs but with lower spine and smaller clayx, may occur around coccosphere | |||||
Pappomonas weddellensis CFC process ca. 2.0-2.5 µm high, with short stem supporting two large fan-like blades, one markedly larger than the other. BCs with axial cross +/- extra bars AACs like CFCs but much smaller spine and calyx | |||||
Type 1-4-5 group - CFCs with tall spine with little or no calyx; BCs with cross-bar and 2 concentric rings | |||||
Pappomonas sp. type 1 Central area with two concentric rings and transverse bar; rim high; CFC process ca. 2.5 µm high tipped by four short radiating rods. | |||||
Pappomonas sp. type 4 Central area with two concentric rings and transverse bar CFC process ca. 2.5 µm high, straight without apical structure, additional ?CFCs have shorter spines (ca. 0.5 µm). | |||||
Pappomonas sp. type 5 Central area with two concentric rings and transverse bar CFC process 2.5- 3 µm high, slender square section curved rod without apical structure. AACs, a few present with shorter rod. | |||||
unidentified | |||||
Pappomonas sp. Specimens which cannot be assigned to established species |
Taxonomy:
Two rather different groups of species are included here.
NB A few other forms have previously been included in Pappomonas:
Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Papposphaeraceae): Narrow-rimmed muroliths, mostly with prominent central structures.
This taxon: Coccolith distal rim serrated - elements pentagonal;
Coccosphere dimorphic or trimorphic. Processes only on CFCs coccoliths. Calices with 2-fold symmetry
BCs without axial spine or node
Farinacci & Howe catalog pages: Pappomonas
Morphology:
In all liths the outer rim elements have angular tops, forming serrated margin; central area and process structures vary between species.
Ecology & Biogeography
Biology & life-cycles
See also: Trigonaspis - alternate life cycle phase of at least some species;
Search data:LITHS: murolith, elliptical, CA: ca_disjunct, CSPH: equant, CFC, |
Lith size: 0.5->1.5µm; Coccosphere size: 4->15µm; |
Geological Range:
Notes: NB We previously suggested on this website a range through to the Palaeogene but the fossil specimens on which this was based are now placed in a separate genus, Pocilithus [JRY 2016]
Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: Total of ranges of the species in this database
First occurrence (base): within No known fossil record modern (0.00-0.00Ma, base in "Holocene" stage). Data source: Total of ranges of species in this database
Plot of occurrence data:
Manton, I. & Oates, K. (1975). Fine-structural observations on Papposphaera Tangen from the Southern Hemisphere and on Pappomonas gen. nov. from South Africa and Greenland. British Phycological Journal. 10(1): 93-109. gs Thomsen, H. A. & Ostergaard, J. B. (2014). Coccolithophorids in polar waters: Pappomonas spp. revisited. Acta Protozoologica. 53: 235-256. gs Thomsen, H. A. & Ostergaard, J. B. (2015). Coccolithophorids in Polar Waters: Trigonaspis spp. revisited. Acta Protozoologica. 54: 85-96. gs Thomsen, H. A., Ostergaard, J. B. & Hansen, L. E. (1991). Heteromorphic life histories in Arctic coccolithophorids (Prymnesiophyceae). Journal of Phycology. 27: 634-642. gs Thomsen, H. A., Heldal, M. & Ostergaard, J. B. (2016). Coccolithophores in Polar Waters: Papposphaera sarion HET and HOL revisited. Micropaleontology. 61(6): 429-438. gsReferences:
Pappomonas compiled by Jeremy R. Young, Paul R. Bown, Jacqueline A. Lees viewed: 8-12-2024
Short stable page link: https://mikrotax.org/Nannotax3/index.php?id=988 Go to Archive.is to create a permanent copy of this page - citation notes |
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