Nannotax3 - ntax_cenozoic

Citation: Coccolithophores informal

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (images):
This taxon: Extant coccolithophores and Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils - Mesozoic nannofossils are in a separate module

Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): at top of (100% up, 0Ma, in "Holocene" stage). Data source: Total of ranges of the species in this database
First occurrence (base): within (-Ma, base in "Holocene" stage). Data source: Total of ranges of species in this database

References:

Bown, P. R. & Young, J. R. (1998a). Introduction - calcareous nannoplankton biology. In, Bown, P. R. (ed.) Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. British Micropalaeontological Society Publication Series . 1-15. gs

Young, J. R., Didymus, J. M., Bown, P. R., Prins, B. & Mann, S. (1992). Crystal assembly and phylogenetic evolution in heterococcoliths. Nature. 356: 516-518. gs

Young, J. R. et al. (1997). Guidelines for coccolith and calcareous nannofossil terminology. Palaeontology. 40: 875-912. gs

Young, J. R., Davis, S. A., Bown, P. R. & Mann, S. (1999). Coccolith ultrastructure and biomineralisation. Journal of Structural Biology. 126: 195-215. gs

Young, J. R., Geisen, M., Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Probert, I. & Ostergaard, J. B. (2003). A guide to extant coccolithophore taxonomy. Journal of Nannoplankton Research. S1: 1-132. gs

Young, J. R., Geisen, M. & Probert, I. (2005). A review of selected aspects of coccolithophore biology with implications for palaeobiodiversity estimation. Micropaleontology. 51(4): 267-288. gs

2N - diploid phase characteristics; N - haploid phase characteristics (time control age-window is: 0-800Ma)		Granddaughter taxa
	Heterococcoliths
	Isochrysidales 2N: Mostly placolith heterococcoliths with R-unit dominant. Non-motile N: non-calcifying, motile, with vestigial haptonema.	Noelaerhabdaceae Prinsiaceae Isochrysidaceae
	Coccolithales 2N: Mostly placolith heterococcoliths with V-unit forming the distal shield; R-unit the proximal shield. Non-motile N: Form holococcoliths formed of single block, or non-calcifying	Coccolithaceae Calcidiscaceae Hymenomonadaceae Pleurochrysidaceae
	Zygodiscales 2N: Heterococcoliths with V-units forming upper/outer cycle of imbricated elements and R-units forming basal plate and central mass of irregular elements. Usually motile N: Form holococcoliths formed of single block	Helicosphaeraceae Pontosphaeraceae Zygodiscaceae
	Syracosphaerales 2N: Coccoliths with radial lath cycle of T-units, and disjunct, often complex, axial structure, coccospheres often polymorphic, usually motile N: Form holococcoliths, highly variable	Calciosoleniaceae Rhabdosphaeraceae Syracosphaeraceae
	Coccolith families inc sed 2N: Various heterococcolith groups not obviously related to the well-defined orders N: mostly unknown	Alisphaeraceae Papposphaeraceae Umbellosphaeraceae narrow rimmed placoliths Coccolith genera inc sed Unidentified heterococcoliths
	Mesozoic Survivors Mesozoic taxa which occur in low abundances in the early Palaeogene.	Biscutaceae Chiastozygaceae Markalius Watznaueriaceae
	Holococcoliths & Nannoliths
	Holococcoliths Haploid life-cycle stages, with liths formed of numerous rhombohedral microcrystals	tubeless convex bridged flat-topped septate open-tube fossil holococcoliths Unidentified extant holococcolith
	Braarudosphaerales 2N(?) cell covered by pentaliths (plates formed of 5 segments with lamellar sub-structure) formed extracellularly N: cell motile, covered by scales	Braarudosphaeraceae
	Discoasterales Radially symmetrical nannoliths formed from one to several separate cycles of elements that radiate from a common centre or axis.	Discoasteraceae Fasciculithaceae Heliolithaceae Sphenolithaceae
	Nannolith families inc sed Haptophytes forming calcareous structures not obviously homologous with heterococcoliths, holococcoliths, or discoasteralids	Ceratolithaceae Ericiolacaea Lapideacassaceae Lithostromationaceae Nannolith genera inc sed Rhomboasteraceae

Cenozoic and Modern Coccolithophores

References: