Nannotax3 - ntax_non_cocco - Thoracosphaeraceae Nannotax3 - ntax_non_cocco - Thoracosphaeraceae

Thoracosphaeraceae


Classification: ntax_non_cocco -> Dinophytes -> Thoracosphaeraceae
Sister taxa: Organic-walled dinoflagellates, Silicifying dinoflagellates, Thoracosphaeraceae

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Dinophytes):
This taxon: Calcareous dinoflagellates

Daughter taxa (time control age-window is: 0-800Ma)Granddaughter taxa
Tangential wall
Wall formed of crystals with tangential c-axes (Thoracosphara s.l.)
Calcigonellum
Calciodinellum
Centosphaera
Cervisiella
Fuettererella
Lebessphaera
Operculodinella
Scrippsiella
Thoracosphaera

Radial wall
Wall formed of crystals with radial c-axes (Orthopithonella s.l.)
Bitorus
Caracomia
Congruentia
Echinodinella
Leonella
Orthopithonella
Orthotabulata
Ruegenia

Oblique wall
Wall formed of crystals with oblique c-axes (Obliquipithonella s.l.)
Calcicarpinum
Melodomuncula
Pernambugia
Pirumella
Retesphaera

Possible Thoracosphaeraceae
These taxa are generally accepted in the calcisphere literature, even if their affinities are not sure

Pithonellid
Discrete Mesozoic group with regularly oblique c-axes
Bicarinellum
Coronadinium
Lentodinella
Normandia
Pithonella
Praecalcisphaerula
Septiareata
Tetratropis
Wallia

Calcispheres inc sedis
Described taxa included in the Farinacci catalog but not included elsewhere (mostly poorly documented taxa)

unidentified calcispheres


Taxonomy:

Citation: Thoracosphaeraceae Schiller 1930, emend. Tangen, in Tangen et al. 1982
taxonomic rank: Family
Type species: Thoracosphaera
Taxonomic discussion: Recent research (Gottschling et al. 2012, Gottschling & Soehner 2013) has indicated that all the extant calcfiyng dinoflagellates belong to a single clade, irrespective of whether they calcify in the vegatetive phae or only to form resting cysts and irrespctive of wall structure. Palaeontologocial studies suggest that most fossil caclispheres are directly related to the modern taxa so the current consensus is that all calcispheres should be included in he faimly Thoracosphaeraceae. 
As in the haptophytes, it appears likely that calcfication evolved only once in the group. Calcification has however been lost several times since various non-calcifiying dinophytes occur in the Thoracosphaeraceae, these forms are not included here.

Catalog entries: Thoracosphaeraceae

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Dinophytes):
This taxon: Calcareous dinoflagellates

See also: Mesozoic non–coccoliths - a few Mesozoic calcispheres with unusual structure are included in the Mesozoc module.;

Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: Total of ranges of the species in this database
First occurrence (base): within Carnian Stage (227.30-237.00Ma, base in Carnian stage). Data source: Total of ranges of species in this database

References:

Gottschling, M. & Soehner, S. (2013). An updated list of generic names in the Thoracosphaeraceae. Microorganisms. 1(1): 122-136. gs

Gottschling, M. et al. (2012). Delimitation of the Thoracosphaeraceae (Dinophyceae), including the calcareous dinoflagellates, based on large amounts of ribosomal RNA sequence data. Protist. 163: 15-24. gs

Schiller, J. (1930). Coccolithineae. In, Rabenhorst, L. (ed.) Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig (10): 89-267. gs

Tangen, K., Brand, L. E., Blackwelder, P. L. & Guillard, R. R. L. (1982). Thoracosphaera heimii (Lohmann) Kamptner is a dinophtye: Obsevations on its morphology and life cycle. Marine Micropaleontology. 7: 193-212. gs


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Thoracosphaeraceae compiled by Jeremy R. Young viewed: 20-9-2024

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