Nannotax3 - ntax_main - Calyptrolithina divergens

Citation: Calyptrolithina divergens (Halldal & Markali 1955) Heimdal, 1982

Basionym: Zygosphaera divergens Halldal & Markali 1955

Variants:

Calyptrolithina divergens var. tuberosa (Heimdal in Heimdal & Gaarder 1980) Jordan et al. 1993 [formerly Zygosphaera divergens]. Like C. divergens but distal surface flatter and with numerous pores. Also, some similarities to C. multipora, but pores less regular and walls flaring.

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (convex): Holococcoliths with tube, covered distally by a convex cover
This taxon: Tube sharply separated from cover; cover with perforations

BC tube flaring, about 5 crystallites high, tiered wall fabric, often with some perforations; basal flange; distal cover conical, recessed within tube, hexagonal mesh fabric.
CFC similar but distal cover with large pores at each end and extended into bridge.

A combination coccosphere with the heterococcolith Syracosphaera halldalii was recorded by Triantaphyllou et al. 2004. Only a single coccosphere was observed, but it is well preserved and does not look to be an artefact, so it is likely this combination will be confirmed.

Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: present in the plankton (Young et al. 2003)
First occurrence (base): within No known fossil record modern (0.00-0.00Ma, base in "Holocene" stage). Data source: [JRY rough estimate]

References:

Cros, L. & Fortuño, J. -M. (2002). Atlas of northwestern Mediterranean coccolithophores. Scientia Marina. 66: 1-186. gs

Halldal, P. & Markali, J. (1955). Electron microscope studies on coccolithophorids from the Norwegian Sea, the Gulf Stream and the Mediterranean. Avhandlinger utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo. 1955(1): 1-30. gs O

Heimdal, B. R. & Gaarder, K. R. (1980). Coccolithophorids from the northern part of the eastern central Atlantic I. Holococcolithophorids. “Meteor” Forschungsergebnisse. 32: 1-14. gs

Heimdal, B. R. (1982). Validation of the names of some species of Zygosphaera Kamptner. INA Newsletter. 4(1): 52-56. gs

Jordan, R. W., Kleijne, A. & Heimdal, B. R. (1993). Proposed changes to the classification system of coccolithophorids. III. INA Newsletter. 15(1): 18-22. gs

Kleijne, A. (1991). Holococcolithophorids from the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology. 17: 1-76. gs

Malinverno, E., Leoni , B. & Galli, P. (2022). Coccolithophore assemblages and a new species of Alisphaera from the Faafu Atoll, Maldives, Indian Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology. 172(102110): 1-16. gs

Okada, H. & McIntyre, A. (1977). Modern coccolithophores of the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Micropaleontology. 23(1): 1-55. gs

Reid, F. M. H. (1980). Coccolithophorids of the North Pacific Central Gyre with notes on their vertical and seasonal distribution. Micropaleontology. 26(2): 151-176. gs

Triantaphyllou, M., Dimiza, M. D. & Dermitzakis, M. (2004). Syracosphaera halldalii and Calyptrolithina divergens var. tuberosa life-cycle association and relevant taxonomic remarks. Micropaleontology. 50(suppl. 1): 121-126. gs

Winter, A., Reiss, Z. & Luz, B. (1979). Distribution of living coccolithophore assemblages in the Gulf of Elat ('Aqaba). Marine Micropaleontology. 4: 197-223. gs

Yang, T. -N., Wei, K. & Wu, J. -T. (2012). Marine coccolithophores around Taiwan. Biodiversity Research Center, Academica Sinica, Taipei. 1-96. gs

Young, J. R., Geisen, M., Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Probert, I. & Ostergaard, J. B. (2003). A guide to extant coccolithophore taxonomy. Journal of Nannoplankton Research. S1: 1-132. gs

Calyptrolithina divergens

References:

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