Nannotax3 - ntax_main - Syraco - fossil Nannotax3 - ntax_main - Syraco - fossil

Syraco - fossil


Classification: ntax_main -> Syracosphaerales -> Syracosphaeraceae -> Syracosphaera -> Syraco - fossil
Sister taxa: SY pulchra gp, SY molischii gp, SY nodosa gp, SY mediterranea group, Syraco - fossil, S. sp.

Daughter taxa (time control age-window is: 0-800Ma)
Neogene species, mostly known from the Paratethys
Syracosphaera croatica
small Syracosphaera with flaring rim formed of clockwise-imbricate elements, low basal cycle forms proximal flange; central area with well-spaced lath cycle; low central spine sometimes present
Coronosphaera caputiae
Broadly elliptical with well-developed proximal and distal flanges. Central area floored by 2 irregular cycles of laths.
Syracosphaera clathrata
Small Syracosphaera with moderately flaring wall, lacking flanges, wall elements show distinct clockwise imbrication, central area with single cycle of robust laths.
Syracosphaera fragilis
Sub-circular with narrow rim but bright central lath cycle, thickening to form central mound
Syracosphaera horvati
Small (ca 2µm) delicate species of Syracosphaera; narrow vertical wall; central area with two cycles of radial laths and low central spine on some specimens.
Syracosphaera oneillii
Small elliptical coccolith with birefringent inner cycle and non-birefringent outer cycle.
Paleogene species, mostly known from Tanzania
Syracosphaera franzii
Small, elliptical, with weakly imbricate rim elements, no flanges, robust lath cycle
Syracosphaera monechiae
Small (3–4 µm), elliptical; rim narrow formed of sub-vertical elements with a distinct proximal flange; central-area wide spanned by a well-developed fragile lath cycle and a low central spine
Syracosphaera octiforma
Narrow rimmed coccolith with figure-of-eight outline (indentations on each side).
Syracosphaera raffiae
Very small (~2 µm) elliptical; rim thick, formed of elements showing a dextral obliquity; central area with distinct radial lath cycle and central boss
Syracosphaera tanzanensis
Medium sized, with narrow bicyclic rim (bright inner cycle, dark outer cycle) and wide central area.
Cretaceous species, mostly known from Tanzania
Syracosphaera antiqua
Rim very narrow; rhomboidal central plate 
Syracosphaera repagula
Rim well-developed, wide lath cyle cycle, longitudinal bar
Syraco sp. fossil


Taxonomy:
Citation: Syracosphaera - fossil
Taxonomic rank: species group
Taxonomic discussion: Syracosphaera does not have an extensive fossil record, and many of the modern species are so small that they have very low preservation potential and would be very difficult to identify if they were preserved. Nonetheless, fossil specimens do occur, especially in well-preserved shelf sediments. occurences down to the Eocene are now well-established. Turonian species illustrated and described by Bown et al. 2017 appear to extend the range into the Cretaceous, and some Stradnerlithus species appear very similar.

For convenience, all species which have been described from the fossil record are grouped here. See also Syracosphaera mediterranea, which occurs in the Miocene of the Paratethys with species shown here.

Synonyms:

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Syracosphaera): Coccospheres usually dithecate. Exothecal coccoliths (XCs) highly variable. Endothecal coccoliths are muroliths with 1, 2 or 3 flanges, the forms with 2 flanges are often placolith-like.
This taxon: FossilSyracosphaera coccoliths


Morphology:
Some species (S. clathrata, S. croatica),  show distinct clockwise imbrication of the elements (in contrast to anticlockwise imbrication shown by Coronosphaera)

See also: Thurmannolithion ;Stradnerlithus clatriatus ;Stradnerlithus wendleri ;Diductius constans - Mesozoic species with strong similarities to Syracosphaera;

Search data:
Lith size: 0->0µm;
The morphological data given here can be used on the advanced search page. See also these notes

Geological Range:
Notes: Most described fossil Syracosphaera species are from the Late Eocene, but the genus probably was present throughout the Cenozoic since some very similar Mesozoic forms occur. Alternatively, Syracosphaera may have evolved from Calciosolenia in the Palaeogene.
Last occurrence (top): at top of NN10 zone (100% up, 8.3Ma, in Tortonian stage). Data source: Total of ranges of the species in this database
First occurrence (base): within Turonian Stage (89.39-93.90Ma, base in Turonian stage). Data source: Total of ranges of species in this database

Plot of occurrence data:

References:

Perch-Nielsen, K. (1981). New Maastrichtian and Paleocene calcareous nannofossils from Africa, Denmark, and USA and the Atlantic, and some Paleocene lineages. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae. 74(3): 831-863. gs O


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Syraco - fossil compiled by Jeremy R. Young, Paul R. Bown, Jacqueline A. Lees viewed: 21-7-2026

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Short stable page link: https://mikrotax.org/Nannotax3/index.php?id=1334 Go to Archive.is to create a permanent copy of this page - citation notes



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