Nannotax3 - ntax_main - Syracosphaera pulchra HOL pirus type

Citation: Syracosphaera pulchra Lohmann, 1902 HOL pirus type, sensu Young et al., 2003

Synonyms:

Calyptrosphaera pirus Kamptner 1937
Calyptrolithophora pirus (Kamtner 1937) Hallegraeff (1984)
Daktylethra pirus (Kamptner 1937) Norris 1985

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (convex): Holococcoliths with tube, covered distally by a convex cover
This taxon: Tube and cover sharply separated; cover with openings at base

Coccolith structure - dome-shaped, formed of layer of crystallites in hexagonal array with the crystallographic c-axis perpendicular to the surface. In LM the rim is bright and central part dark.
Coccospheres weakly dimorphic, piriform.
Coccolith form - tube about 10 crystallites high, tiered wall fabric; basal flange; distal cover recessed into tube, domal with ring of 8-10 pores around contact with tube; internal ridges surround pores in at least some specimens. Circum-flagellar coccoliths more elevated and with pyramidal central boss.

The association of these holococcoliths with Syracosphaera pulchra has been demonstrated by observation of numerous combination coccospheres, Lecal-Schlauder (1961), Geisen et al. (2002), Saugestad & Heimdal (2002). In addition oblonga-type holococcoliths also occur in assocaition with S. pulchra and this is interpreted as a result of pseudo-cryptic speciation (Geisen et al. 2002).

Triantaphyllou et al. (2009) report and discuss a single possible combination coccosphere with Syracosphaera protrudens. This appears to be a well-formed combination coccosphere, however, given that the association with S. pulchra is so well established the least problematic explanation of this speciemen is that it is an accidental association or xenosphere (see Young & Geisen 2002), possibly formed in a fecal pellet. In, weak, support of this some coccoliths are in anomalous orientations.

Geological Range:
Notes: Can be common in well-preserved Quaternary sediments (Crudeli et al. 2006).
Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: present in the plankton (Young et al. 2003)
First occurrence (base): within Quaternary Period (0.00-2.59Ma, base in Gelasian stage). Data source: [JRY rough estimate]

References:

Cros, L. & Fortuño, J. -M. (2002). Atlas of northwestern Mediterranean coccolithophores. Scientia Marina. 66: 1-186. gs

Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Zeltner, A., Billard, C. & Young, J. R. (2000b). New examples of holococcolith-heterococcolith combination coccospheres and their implications for coccolithophorid biology. In, Young, J. R., Thierstein, H. R. & Winter, A. (eds) Nannoplankton ecology and palaeocology, Proceedings of the INA7 conference, Puerto Rico, February 1998. Marine Micropaleontology . 39(1-4): 1-34. gs

Geisen, M., Billard, C., Broerse, A. T. C., Cros, L., Probert, I. & Young, J. R. (2002a). Life-cycle associations involving pairs of holococcolithophorid species: intraspecific variation or cryptic speciation? European Journal of Phycology. 37: 531-550. gs

Hallegraeff, G. M. (1984). Coccolithophorids (Calcareous Nanoplankton) from Australian waters. Botanica Marina. 27: 229-247. gs

Kamptner, E. (1937b). Neue und bemerkenswerte Coccolithineen aus dem Mittelmeer. Archiv für Protistenkunde. 89: 279-316. gs O

Keuter, S., Young, J. R., Koplovitz, G., Zingone, A. & Frada, M. J. (2021). Novel heterococcolithophores, holococcolithophores and life cycle combinations from the families Syracosphaeraceae and Papposphaeraceae and the genus Florisphaera. Journal of Micropalaeontology. 40: 75-99. gs O

Lecal-Schlauder, J. (1961). Anomalies dans la composition des coques de flagelles calcaires. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord. 52: 63-66. gs

Norris, R. E. (1985). Indian Ocean nanoplankton. II. Holococcolithophorids (Calyptrosphaeraceae, Prymnesiophyceae) with a review of extant genera. Journal of Phycology. 21: 619-641. gs

Okada, H. & McIntyre, A. (1977). Modern coccolithophores of the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Micropaleontology. 23(1): 1-55. gs

Reid, F. M. H. (1980). Coccolithophorids of the North Pacific Central Gyre with notes on their vertical and seasonal distribution. Micropaleontology. 26(2): 151-176. gs

Saugestad, A. H. & Heimdal, B. R. (2002). Light microscope studies on coccolithophorids from the western Mediterranean Sea, with notes on combination cells of Daktylethra pirus and Syracosphaera pulchra. Plant Biosystems. 136(1): 3-28. gs

Triantaphyllou, M., Dimiza, M. D., Malinverno, E. & Young, J. R. (2009). Evidence for a possible life-cycle association between Syracosphaera protrudens (heterococcolithophore) and Syracosphaera pulchra HOL pirus type (holococcolithophore). Journal of Micropalaeontology. 28(1): 1-6. gs

Young, J. R. & Geisen, M. (2002). Xenospheres – associations of coccoliths resembling coccospheres. Journal of Nannoplankton Research. 24(1): 27-35. gs

Young, J. R., Geisen, M., Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Probert, I. & Ostergaard, J. B. (2003). A guide to extant coccolithophore taxonomy. Journal of Nannoplankton Research. S1: 1-132. gs

Syracosphaera pulchra HOL pirus type

References:

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