Nannotax3 - ntax_mesozoic - Chiastozygaceae Nannotax3 - ntax_mesozoic - Chiastozygaceae

Chiastozygaceae


Classification: ntax_mesozoic -> Eiffellithales -> Chiastozygaceae
Sister taxa: Chiastozygaceae, Eiffellithaceae, Rhagodiscaceae

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Eiffellithales): Murolith coccoliths with an upper/outer cycle of clockwise-imbricate V-units and a lower/inner cycle of R-units. 


This taxon: Typical Eiffelithales - rim with well outer/upper clockwise-imbricate V-units and lower/inner R-units. Central area open or spanned by disjunct cross or bar supporting a spine.


: Genera arranged by main structure in central area, then alphabetically (time control age-window is: 0-800Ma)Granddaughter taxa
Transverse bar in central area
Amphizygus
Muroliths with bicyclic rim and tranverse bar formed from laths which continue around the inner edge of the rim, delineating the two circular perforations.
Amphizygus brooksii
Amphizygus microminutus
Amphizygus minimus
Amphizygus sp.

Archaeozygodiscus
Bicyclic (LM) murolith with a birefringent, spine-bearing bar. Distal/outer-cycle displays anticlockwise imbrication, unlike all other Mesozoic loxoliths. Triassic genus.
Archaeozygodiscus koessenensis
Archaeozygodiscus sp.

Gorkaea
Bicyclic (LM) muroliths with broad, bright inner-cycle and robust, birefringent, transverse bar.
Gorkaea obliqueclausus
Gorkaea operio
Gorkaea pseudanthophorus
Gorkaea sp.

Placozygus
Murolith with distal/outer-cycle that shows little or no imbrication and central area spanned by transverse bars; rim exhibits spiral interference pattern.
Placozygus banneri
Placozygus fibuliformis
Placozygus spiralis
Placozygus sp.

Reinhardtites
Unicyclic muroliths with very broad rim and narrow central-area spanned or filled by a tranverse bar.
Reinhardtites anthophorus
Reinhardtites levis
Reinhardtites clavicaviformis
Reinhardtites elkefensis
Reinhardtites sp.

Tranolithus
Murolith (loxolith) coccoliths with central area spanned by complex transverse structures principally constructed from two or four projections. Delicate lateral bars may also be present but are generally only seen in exceptional preservation.
Tranolithus bitraversus
Tranolithus gabalus
Tranolithus incus
Tranolithus macleodiae
Tranolithus minimus
Tranolithus orionatus
Tranolithus praeorionatus
Tranolithus salillum
Tranolithus simplex
Tranolithus sp.

Zeugrhabdotus
Murolith (loxolith) coccoliths with central area spanned by variably constructed transverse bar. The bar is usually spine bearing. Inner/proximal rim cycle is variably developed and so the LM image may be unicyclic or bicyclic. Delicate lateral bars may also be present but are generally only seen in exceptional preservation.

Diagonal cross in central area
Chiastozygus
Murolith (loxolith) coccoliths with relatively narrow rim and wide central area spanned by diagonal bars. Inner/proximal rim cycle is variably developed and so the LM image may be unicyclic or bicyclic.

Simple axial cross in central area
Staurolithites
Loxolith muroliths with relatively narrow rim and wide central area spanned by axial cross bars. The cross is usually spine bearing. Inner/proximal rim cycle is variably developed and so the LM image may be unicyclic or bicyclic. NB The bicyclic/unicyclic separation is simply controlled by how far the inwards the R-units develop so, although it is a useful identification criterion, it almost certainly has no real phylogenetic significance and would be a very poor character for defining genera.

Diadorhombus
Square-shaped loxolith cococoliths with cross bars that run parallel to the coccolith sides.
Diadorhombus rectus
Diadorhombus sp.

Rhabdophidites
Spinose forms with minute basal loxolith coccolith with axial cross bars. The spines are long, parallel sided (?or tapering) and cruciform in section.
Rhabdophidites moeslensis
Rhabdophidites parallelus
Staurolithites pseudocarinolithus
Rhabdophidites sp.

Complex axial cross in central area - &/or cross fills central area
Ahmuellerella
Muroliths with complex axial cross structure or plate, typically incorporating 8 near-axial or radial bars or suture lines.
Ahmuellerella alboradiata
Ahmuellerella frankiae
Ahmuellerella octoradiata
Ahmuellerella regularis
Ahmuellerella sp.

Bukrylithus
Loxolith coccoliths with narrow unicyclic rim and central area spanned by a plate incorporating broad, fibrous, tapering axial-cross-bars. Dark overall image in XPL.
Bukrylithus ambiguus
Bukrylithus sp.

Diloma
Elliptical loxoliths with a rim that appears tricyclic, composed of inner and outer rim cycles and a proximal plate. The outer rim cycle and proximal plate are only weakly birefringent, while the blocky inner rim cycle is brightly birefringent. Central structures are variable but include cross bars, lateral bars and curving concentric bars.
Diloma californica
Diloma galei
Diloma galiciense
Diloma placinum
Diloma primitiva
Diloma sp.

Heteromarginatus
Bicyclic muroliths with axial cross and additional small bars in the central-area.
Heteromarginatus bugensis
Heteromarginatus wallacei
Heteromarginatus sp.

Misceomarginatus
Muroliths with narrow, bicyclic rim and wide central-area spanned by axial cross bars and a perforate plate.
Misceomarginatus pleniporus
Misceomarginatus sp.

Monomarginatus
Muroliths with narrow, unicyclic rim and wide central-area spanned by axial, concentric and lateral bars.
Monomarginatus pectinatus
Monomarginatus quaternarius
Monomarginatus sp.

Vacherauvillius
Muroliths with axial, lateral and concentric bars spanning the central-area.
Vacherauvillius implicatus
Vacherauvillius sp.

Others
Braloweria
Loxoliths with central area filled with a tall, columnar to bulbous boss borne on a plate. Seen in side view. Spine has a thick wall, narrow axial canal and is formed from two crystallographically distinct units.
Braloweria boletiformis
Braloweria sp.

Clepsilithus
Small loxolith coccoliths with multiple central area radial bars supporting a central spine.
Clepsilithus maculosus
Clepsilithus meniscus
Clepsilithus polystreptus
Clepsilithus sp.

Crepidolithus
Murolith (loxoliths) with a robust, broad, high rim and central area that may be vacant, closed or spanned by bars or grill.
Crepidolithus crassus
Crepidolithus crucifer
Crepidolithus granulatus
Crepidolithus parvulus
Crepidolithus perforatus
Crepidolithus pliensbachensis
Crepidolithus timorensis
Crepidolithus cantabriensis
Crepidolithus impontus
Crepidolithus sp.

Loxolithus
Loxolith coccoliths with broad, open central-area, probably spanned by a rarely preserved, finely perforate net
Loxolithus armilla
Loxolithus bicyclus
Loxolithus thiersteinii
Loxolithus sp.

Neocrepidolithus
Murolith (loxolith) coccoliths with broad, high rim and narrow or closed central-area, which may be spanned by bars.
Neocrepidolithus cohenii
Neocrepidolithus cruciatus
Neocrepidolithus ruegenensis
Neocrepidolithus watkinsii
Neocrepidolithus sp.

Tubirhabdus
Narrowly elliptical loxolith coccoliths with a central-area structure that supports a broad, hollow, flaring spine.
Tubirhabdus patulus
Tubirhabdus sp.

Chiastozygaceae - unidentified
unidentified specimens, often in side view

Taxonomy:

Citation: Chiastozygaceae Rood et al., 1973
taxonomic rank: Family
Taxonomic discussion: The orientation of the cross-bars has previously been used as a familial level criterion, e.g., Chiastozygaceae Rood, Hay and Barnard, 1973; Ahmuellerellaceae Reinhardt, 1965; and Zygodiscaceae Hay and Mohler, 1967; respectively.

Farinacci & Howe catalog pages: Chiastozygaceae *

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Eiffellithales): Murolith coccoliths with an upper/outer cycle of clockwise-imbricate V-units and a lower/inner cycle of R-units. 


This taxon: Typical Eiffelithales - rim with well outer/upper clockwise-imbricate V-units and lower/inner R-units. Central area open or spanned by disjunct cross or bar supporting a spine.


Morphology:

The proximal/inner-wall cycle of the rim is often low and/or narrow, and the rim may thus appear unicyclic (ie. of rather uniform brightness) in the LM. In other cases it is well-developed and forms a distinct bright inner cycle - giving a bicyclic appearance.  This is a useful feature in the LM, but does not reflect any very profound strcutural change and so it is now primarily used as species-level character.

The family is long-ranging (Late Triassic-early Eocene) and in the Mesozoic is largely represented by relatively simply-constructed coccoliths in which iterative homology appears to have been common. Apart from a few distinctive forms, many species (often small) differ in very subtle ways and many species names are poorly constrained and applied in different senses by different authors.

Search data:
: murolith,
Lith size: 0->0µm;
The morphological data given here can be used on the advanced search page. See also these notes

Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): at top of NP9 zone (100% up, 55.9Ma, in Ypresian stage). Data source: Total of ranges of the species in this database
First occurrence (base): within NT2b subzone (194.83-218.41Ma, base in Norian stage). Data source: Total of ranges of species in this database

Plot of occurrence data:

References:

Bown, P. R. (1998b). Triassic. In, Bown, P. R. (ed.) Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. British Micropalaeontological Society Publication Series . 29-33. gs

Hay, W. W. & Mohler, H. P. (1967). Calcareous nannoplankton from Early Tertiary rocks at Point Labau, France and Paleocene-Early Eocene correlations. Journal of Paleontology. 41(6): 1505-1541. gs

Reinhardt, P. (1965). Neue Familien für fossile Kalkflagellaten (Coccolithophoriden, Coccolithineen). Monatsberichte der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 7: 30-40. gs

Rood, A. P., Hay, W. W. & Barnard, T. (1973). Electron microscope studies of Lower and Middle Jurassic coccoliths. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae. 66: 365-382. gs O


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Chiastozygaceae compiled by Jeremy R. Young, Paul R. Bown, Jacqueline A. Lees viewed: 12-11-2024

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Short stable page link: https://mikrotax.org/Nannotax3/index.php?id=10245 Go to Archive.is to create a permanent copy of this page - citation notes
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