Globigerinacoalingensis Cushman and Hanna, 1927:205, pl. 14:fig.4 [lower Eocene, California].—Mallory, 1959:46, pl. 34: fig. 6 [lower Eocene, California].
Globoquadrinaprimitiva Finlay, 1947:291, pl. 8: figs. 129-134.—Homibrook, 1953:437 [middle Eocene, New Zealand].—Jenkins, 1965:1124, fig. 9 [outline drawing of Finlay's holotype].
Globigerinaprimitiva (Finlay).—Bronniman, 1952:11, pl. 1: figs. 10-12 [Soldado and Lizard Springs Fms., Trinidad].—Bolli, 1957a:71, pl. 15: figs. 6-8 [Globorotaliarex Zone, Trinidad].
Acarininatriplex Subbotina, 1953:230, pl. 23: figs. 1-5 [holotype from Globorotaliamarginodentata Subzone of Globorotaliasubbotinae Zone, lower Eocene, Khieu River, Nal'chik, northern Caucasus].—Blow, 1979:963, pl. 97: figs. 8, 9 [Zone P5, Linde area, Tanzania].—Pearson et al., 1993:125, pl. 1: figs. 11, 12 [Zone Pl 1, middle Eocene, DSDP Hole 523, South Atlantic Ocean],—Lu and Keller, 1995:102, pl. 2: figs. 4, 5 [Zone AP 6A, lowermost Eocene; ODP Hole 738C/9R/1: 15-17 cm; Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean].
Globigerinainaequispira Subbotina.—Loeblich and Tappan, 1957a: 181, pl,
61: fig. 3 [Zone P4, upper Paleocene, Nanafalia Fm., Alabama] [in part, not pl.49:fig.2a-c,pl.52:figs.la-2c,pl.56:fig.7a-c,pl.62:fig.2a-c].[Not tiva Finlay, 1947). These two morphotypes have been Subbotina, 1953.]
Globorotalia (Acarinina) primitiva (Finlay).—Hillebrandt, 1962:141, pl. 14: figs. 2, 4 [Zone G, lower Eocene, Austria],—Blow, 1979:949, pl. 143: figs. 6-9 [Zone P8, lower Eocene, DSDP Hole 20C/5/4: 77-79 cm; Brazil Basin, South Atlantic Ocean], pl. 249: figs. 1-4 [lower Bortonian, middle Eocene, New Zealand],
Pseudogloboquadrina primitiva (Finlay).—Jenkins, 1965:1124, fig. 9 [nos. 81-83 (holotype) and 84-86; Bortonian, middle Eocene, New Zealand]. Acarininacoalingensis (Cushman and Hanna).—Berggren, 1969b: 152, pl. 1: figs. 27-29 [Zone NP 11/12, stratigraphically equivalent to Zone P6/7; lower Eocene 3, Katharinenhof, Fehmam, northern Germany].—Huber, 1991 b:439, pl. 3:fig.2 [Zone AP6b/AP7, lower Eocene, ODP Hole 738C/6R: 247.83 msbf; Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean].—Berggren, 1992:563, pl. 2:fig.3 [Acarinina wilcoxensis Zone, lower Eocene, ODP Site 749C/1 OR/1:40-44cm; Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean].
Globorotalia (Acarinina) triplex (Subbotina).—Blow, 1979:963, pl. 97: figs. 8, 9 [Zone P5, Lindi area, Tanzania].
Acarininaprimitiva (Finlay).—Stott and Kennett, 1990:559, pl. 6: figs. 11, 12 [Zone AP8, lower Eocene, ODP Hole 689B/21H/1: 110-114 cm; Maud Rise, Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean].—Huber, 1991b:439, pl. 3:fig.1 [Zone API0, middle Eocene, ODP Site 738B/15X: 126.70 msbf; Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean],—Berggren, 1992:563, pl. 2: figs. 4, 5 [Zone P6-7, ODP Hole 748B/18H/3: 80-84 cm; Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean].—Lu and Keller, 1993:120, pl. 3: figs. 1, 2 [Zone AP7, lower Eocene, ODP Hole 738C/5R/2: 57-59 cm; Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean].—Pearson et al., 1993:125, pl. 1: fig. 19 [Zone Pl 1, middle Eocene, DSDP Hole 523, South Atlantic Ocean]. [Olsson et al. 1999]
Taxonomic discussion: Berggren and Norris (1997) and Olsson and others (1999) discussed the gradual evolution of the coalingensis -primitiva lineage and included primitiva in synonymy with coalingensis. Having studied populations of A. primitiva in the type Hampden Beach Formation, New Zealand, we now conclude that they are not synonymous; see also under A. primitiva. We restrict the concept of coalingensis to the robust, triangular-subquadrate tests with (predominantly) globular chambers (typified by Globigerinacoalingensis Cushman and Hanna) and its junior synonym Acarininatriplex Subbotina. [Eocene Atlas]
Distinguishing features: Parent taxon (Acarinina): Moderate to low trochospire; chambers ovoid, usually 4-6 in final whorl. Wall muricate with pustules on umbilical shoulders; This taxon: Test robust, compact, 3-4 chambers in final whorl; strongly and bluntly muricate; peripheral margin broadly rounded in edge view; chambers are arranged at right angles to each other are usually separated by deep, incised sutures on umbilical side, and increase rapidly in size.
NB These concise distinguishing features statements are used in the tables of daughter-taxa to act as quick summaries of the differences between e.g. species of one genus. They are being edited as the site is developed and comments on them are especially welcome.
Description
Diagnostic characters: Robust test, 3-4 chambered final whorl, compact, subquadrate (primitiva morphotype) to subtriangular (coalingensis morphotype), strongly and bluntly muricate test; peripheral margin broadly rounded, less commonly subangular in edge view; chambers are arranged at distinct right angles to each other and usually separated by deep, incised sutures (particularly between preantepenultimate and antepenultimate chambers) on umbilical side, and increase rapidly in size; aperture interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical. [Olsson et al. 1999] Morphology: There are two basic morphotypes that characterize this robust and strongly muricate species: a form with a triangular-subquadrate appearance characterized by (predominantly) globular chambers (typified by Globigerinacoalingensis Cushman and Hanna, 1927, and its junior synonym Acarinina triplex Subbotina, 1953), and a form with a subquadrate to quadrate appearance characterized by straight and circumumbilically pointed, smooth (nonmuricate) globoquadrinid-like chambers (typified by Globoquadrinaprimitiva Finlay, 1947). These two morphotypes have been synonymized by some workers (Berggren, 1977) and distinguished by others (Pearson et al., 1993; Pearson, 1993). After having considered these forms synonymous, Berggren (1977) distinguished them at Kerguelen Plateau sites based on the perception of their morphologic differences and different stratigraphic ranges (Berggren, 1992). Our work described herein suggests that the earlier interpretation may be more correct. One of us (WAB) has examined topotypic material of A. coalingensis (including the reillustrated holotype, Berggren, 1977, pl. 10), A. primitiva, and the holotype and topotypes of A. triplex and now believes that these forms belong to a single taxon that exibits a gradual replacement through time of the coalingensis morphotype by the primitiva morphotype. Inasmuch as consistent distinction between these two morphotypes appears impossible, we believe it more appropriate to use a single name for this "taxon" and suggest that authors provide careful descriptions to denote the presence/development of one morphotype relative to the other should this prove useful for biostratigraphic purposes.
Character matrix
test outline:
Quadrate
chamber arrangement:
Trochospiral
edge view:
Inequally biconvex
aperture:
Umbilical-extraumbilical
sp chamber shape:
Globular
coiling axis:
Low
periphery:
N/A
aperture border:
Thin lip
umb chbr shape:
Subtriangular
umbilicus:
Wide
periph margin shape:
Broadly rounded
accessory apertures:
None
spiral sutures:
Weakly depressed
umb depth:
Deep
wall texture:
Coarsely muricate
shell porosity:
Finely Perforate: 1-2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:
Strongly depressed
final-whorl chambers:
3-4
N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable
Biogeography and Palaeobiology
Geographic distribution Aze et al. 2011 summary: Cosmopolitan; based on Olsson et al. (1999) Isotope paleobiology Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 1 - Open ocean mixed-layer tropical/subtropical, with symbionts. Based on very heavy _13C and relatively light _18O. Sources cited by Aze et al. 2011 (appendix S3): Pearson et al. (1993, 2001a)
Geological Range: Notes: Zone P4c-E7; (not to P14, = E13 of this study, as given by Olsson and others, 1999).
[Eocene Atlas] Last occurrence (top): within E7a subzone (48.31-50.20Ma, top in Ypresian stage). Data source: Olsson et al. 1999 First occurrence (base): within P4c subzone (57.10-57.79Ma, base in Thanetian stage). Data source: Olsson et al. 1999, fig5a
Plot of occurrence data:
Range-bar - range as quoted above, pink interval top occurs in, green interval base occurs in.
Triangles indicate an event for which a precise placement has been suggested
Histogram - Neptune occurrence data from DSDP and ODP proceedings. Pale shading <50 samples in time bin. Interpret with caution & read these notes
Primary source for this page: Olsson et al. 1999 - Atlas of Paleocene Planktonic Foraminifera, p. 47
References:
Berggren, W. A. & Norris, R. D. (1997). Biostratigraphy, phylogeny and systematics of Paleocene trochospiral planktonic foraminifera. Micropaleontology. 43(supplement 1): 1-116. gs
Berggren, W. A. (1977a). Atlas of Palaeogene Planktonic Foraminifera: some Species of the Genera Subbotina, Planorotalites, Morozovella, Acarinina and Truncorotaloides. In, Ramsay, A. T. S. (ed.) Oceanic Micropaleontology. Academic Press, London 205-300. gs
Berggren, W. A. (1992). Paleogene planktonic foraminifer magnetobiostratigraphy of the southern Kerguelen Plateau (sites 747-749). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 120: 551-568. gs
Berggren, W. A., Pearson, P. N., Huber, B. T. & Wade, B. S. (2006b). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Eocene Acarinina. In, Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication . 41(Chap 9): 257-326. gsO
Cushman, J. A. & Hanna, G. D. (1927). Foraminifera from the Eocene near San Diego, California. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 5: 45-64. gs
Finlay, H. J. (1947). New Zealand foraminifera: Key species in stratigraphy - no. 5. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology. 28(5): 259-292. gs
Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Berggren, W. A. & Huber, B. T. (1999). Atlas of Paleocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. (85): 1-252. gs
Pearson, P. N. (1993). A lineage phylogeny for the Paleogene planktonic foraminifera. Micropaleontology. 39: 193-232. gs
Pearson, P. N., Shackleton, N. J. & Hall, M. A. (1993). Stable isotope paleoecology of middle Eocene planktonic foraminifera and multi-species isotope stratigraphy, DSDP Site 523, South Atlantic. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 23: 123-140. gs
Subbotina, N. N. (1953). Foraminiferes fossiles d'URSS Globigerinidae, Globorotaliidae, Hantkeninidae. Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres. 2239: 1-144. gs
Acarinina coalingensis compiled by the pforams@mikrotax project teamviewed: 25-4-2025
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holotype: G. coalingensis
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