pforams@mikrotax - Acarinina pentacamerata

Citation: Acarinina pentacamerata (Subbotina 1947)

Basionym: Globorotalia pentacamerata

Synonyms:

Globorotalia crassa d’Orbigny pentacamerata Subbotina, 1936 (not described, but illustrated, pl. 3: figs. 7-9; nomen nudum; holotype by subsequent designation in 1947) [Globorotalia crassaformis Zone, Khieu River section, northern Caucasus].
Globorotalia pentacamerata Subbotina, 1947:128-129 (partim), pl. 7: figs. 15-17 (holotype by subsequent designation = 1936, pl. 3: figs. 7-9); pl. 7: figs. 12-14 [Sunzha River, northwest Caucasus].—Said, 1960:283, pl. 1: figs. 4a-c [upper Esna Shale Fm., Luxor, Egypt].—Said and Kerdany, 1961:329, pl. 1: figs. 15a-c [Ain Maqfi section, Farafra Oasis, Egypt].—Proto Decima and Zorzi, 1965:27, pl. 2: figs. 4a-5c [G. aragonensis Zone, Molinetto di Pederobba, western Trevigiano, Italy].—Stainforth and others, 1975:212-213, text-figs. 1-2 (reillustration from literature); figs. 4-5 [lower Eocene of northern Caucasus].—Pujol, 1983:652, pl. 5: fig. 3 [ Zone P10, DSDP Hole 516F, 73/4, 148-150 cms; Rio Grande Rise, southern Atlantic Ocean].
Acarinina pentacamerata (Subbotina). —Subbotina, 1953:233 (partim), pl. 23: fig. 8 a,b; pl. 24: fig. 1a-c [Zone of conical globorotaliids, Kuban River section, northern Caucasus]; pl. 24: figs. 2a-c [Zone of conical globorotaliids, Gubs River section, northern Caucasus]; pl. 24: figs. 3a-5c [Zone of conical globorotaliids, vicinity of Nal’chik, Khieu River section, northern Caucasus]. —Shutskaya, 1956, pl. 3: fig. 6a-c [G. aragonensis Zone, vicinity of Nal’chik, Cherkessk Fm., northern Caucasus]. —Kraeva, in Kaptarenko -Chernoussova and others, 1963:152, pl. 31: figs. 6a-b [middle Eocene, Russian Platform, Ukraine].— Hillebrandt, 1976:344, pl. 5: figs. 10a-c [G. palmerae Zone, Agost, Alicante Province, Spain].—Berggren, 1969:124, pl. 1: figs. 24-26 [lower Eocene Zone P7/NP12, Hollbecker Berg, north-west Germany].—Fleisher, 1974:1013, pl. 1: fig. 9 [Zone P8, DSDP Site 220, Arabian Sea].— Snyder and Waters, 1985:443, pl. 12: figs., 12-14 [Zone P10, DSDP Site 548A, Goban Spur, north-east Atlantic Ocean].—Toumarkine and Luterbacher, 1985:116, text-figs. 17.4-5 (reillustration from literature).—Krasheninnikov and others, 1988:97, pl. 8: figs. 10-12 [G. aragonensis Zone, DSDP Site 277, Campbell Plateau].—Stott and Kennett, 1990:559, pl. 45: figs. 9,10 [Zone AP6b, ODP Site 690B, Maud Rise, Southern Ocean].—Huber, 1991:439, pl. 2: figs. 6-8 [Zone AP7, ODP Hole 738C, southern Indian Ocean].— Warraich, Ogasawara, and Nishi, 2000:293, fig. 17.16-18 [Zone P7, Rakhi Nala River section, Sulaiman Range, Pakistan].—Warraich and Ogasawara, 2001:27 fig. 7.1-3 [Zone P7, Dungan Fm., Rakhi Nala River section, Sulaiman Range, Pakistan].
Turborotalia (Acarinina) pentacamerata (Subbotina).— Pokorny, 1960: 1107, pl. 4: fig. 6 [lower Eocene, Czechoslovakia].—Samuel, 1972, pl. 54: figs. 1a-3c [middle Eocene, Bakony Mountains, Hungary].
Globorotalia (Acarinina) pentacamerata (Subbotina).— Hillebrandt, 1962:142, pl. 14: fig. 7a-c [Zone G, Reichenhall-Salzburg Basin, Austria].—Blow, 1979:939, pl. 135: fig. 5 [Zone P8b, DSDP Site 47, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean].
Acarinina pentacamerata (Subbotina) var. camerata Khalilov 1956:253, pl. 5: fig. 6a-c [lower Eocene, Maly Caucasus, Akhchakumia, north-east Azerbaijan].
Globorotalia (Acarinina) camerata (Khalilov).—Blow, 1979:917, pl. 135: fig. 6 [Zone P8b, DSDP Site 47, Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific Ocean]; pl. 156: figs. 5 and 6 [Zone P10, KANE 9, piston core 42, Endeavour Seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean]. Globigerina soldadoensis Brönnimann -Globigerina gravelli Brönnimann transitional form.—Bolli, 1957a, pl. 16: figs. 10-12 [G. formosa formosa Zone, upper Lizard Springs Fm., Trinidad]. [Not Brönnimann, 1952.]
Globigerina mckannai (White).—Berggren 1960a:68 (partim), pl. 1: fig. 4 [lower Eocene, Hollbecker Berg, Germany]; pl. 9: fig. 4; pl. 10: fig. 1, text fig. 7 [lower Eocene Røsnaes Clay, Røgle Klint, Denmark]. [Not White, 1928.]

Taxonomic discussion: The taxonomic history of Acarinina pentacamerata (Subbotina) is extremely complex and not without a considerable degree of uncertainty. We attempt a reconstruction here of this history in an effort to bring nomenclatural stability to a much (ab)used taxon.
1. In 1936, Subbotina mentioned and illustrated (her pl. 3, figs. 7-9) a new variety Globorotalia crassa (d’Orbigny) var. pentacamerata Subbotina. In failing to describe it, the form was instantly rendered nomen nudum according to the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, art. 25 (c), 1-2. The illustrated specimen is of a tightly coiled (involute) individual with 6 chambers in the final whorl (which may or may not be related to the Acarinina lodoensis -broedermanni group, cf. Blow (1979, p. 940) and was described from the “Globorotalia crassaformis Zone” (= probably
equivalent to Zone E7 of this work). Krasheninnikov and others (1988, pl. 8, fig. 8) figured as A. pentacamerata a specimen from the lower Eocene of the Campbell Plateau, south-west Pacific Ocean that is virtually identical with Subbotina’s (1947) strongly involute holotype figure.
2. In 1947, Subbotina formally described and illustrated Globorotalia pentacamerata for the first time. Three specimens were figured. The holotype (pl. 7, figs. 15-17) was recorded from the Globorotalia crassaformis Zone (which was considered middle Eocene in age but which is in fact probably stratigraphically equivalent to lower Eocene Zone E7 of this study). Two paratypes (her pl. 7, figs. 12-14 and pl. 9, figs. 24-26) were from the lower Eocene “Globorotalia velascoensis Zone” of (presumed) early Eocene age (the latter zone was subsequently termed, in 1953, the “Zone of conical globorotaliids”, and is characterized by Morozovella aragonensis [Nuttall] and M. caucasica [Glaessner]). However, Subbotina (1947, 1953) consistently misidentified M. caucasica with M. velascoensis which accounts for the persistent misuse of the term G. velasacoensis Zone in early literature (see further discussion in Blow, 1979, p. 993-996; Berggren and Norris, 1997, p. 75-76 and under Morozovella caucasica, Chapter 11).
3. It is doubtful/uncertain whether the three specimens illustrated in 1947 are of the same species. The form figured on pl. 7, figs. 24-26 by Subbotina (1953) shows the distinct lateral separation of chambers peripherally which is characteristic of Bolli’s (1957b) Globigerina angulosa ( =Acarinina angulosa). Indeed, Subbotina’s specimen is almost identical to that figured by Bolli (1957a, pl. 35, figs. 8a-c) from the Globorotalia palmerae Zone. There may be some question as to whether Bolli’s specimen from the G. palmerae Zone is conspecific with that figured (Bolli, 1957a, pl. 16, figs. 4-6) from the type locality of the Globorotalia formosa formosa Zone of Trinidad. They are considered conspecific here.
4. The paratype specimen figured by Subbotina (1947, pl. 7, figs. 12-14) shows the characters that have subsequently come to be associated with Acarinina pentacamerata as elucidated subsequently by Subbotina in 1953. It is curious that Subbotina (1947, p. 128) mentions that the “specimen described was found along the Kuban River”. This would presumably refer to the specimen illustrated on pl. 9, figs. 24-26 (from the Kuban River section) inasmuch as the holotype (pl. 7, figs. 15-17) and paratype (pl. 7, figs. 12-14) were recorded from the Khieu and Sunzha Rivers, respectively.
5. In 1953, Subbotina illustrated a number of specimens which she referred to Acarinina pentacamerata (Subbotina) including in the synonymy the specimens illustrated in her earlier (1947) work, but making no reference to the specimens illustrated on her pl. 23, figs. 8a-c and pl. 24, figs. 1a-5c, all from the Zone of conical globorotaliids— and if we ignore/ exclude the smaller upper Paleocene forms (pl. 24, figs. 6a-8c) and the anomalous 8-chambered acarininid (pl. 24, figs. 9a-c) from the G. marginodentata Subzone, it would appear that we have an homogenous group of morphotypes referable to a single taxon. Blow (1979, p. 940) noted that he based his interpretation of pentacamerata on Subbotina (1947, pl. 7, figs. 12-14) and he represented this concept with a specimen he illustrated on pl. 135, fig. 5 from Zone P8b (=Zone E5 of this work). The specimens illustrated by Subbotina (1953) and listed above all show a close similarity to that figured by her in 1947 pl. 7, figs. 12-14. It is interesting that none conform closely, let alone remotely, to the holotype illustration of 1936/1947. One thing is clear: Subbotina (1953) did not base her concept of A. pentacamerata on her (earlier illustrated) holotype of the taxon.
6. The holotype and paratype specimens of A. pentacamerata from Subbotina (1936/1947) were missing from the micropaleontologic collections of VNIGRI (Leningrad/St. Petersburg) on the occasion of several visits there by WAB in 1962, 1963 and in the 1970s. It is possible that they were lost or destroyed during the siege of Leningrad (1941-1943). On the other hand, all the specimens illustrated by Subbotina (1953) were examined during these visits and the taxonomic statements above reflect these observations. Thus the concept of A. pentacamerata in the work of one of us (WAB) has been based on these specimens. The 5-7
rounded chambers, relatively wide umbilicus and weakly developed circum-umbilical shoulder distinguish this species from associated forms in the lower Eocene.
7. Inasmuch as the holotype and paratypes of this taxon have been lost and it is virtually impossible to ascertain with certainty its taxonomic identity in terms of modern nomenclature, it would appear desirable, in the interest of nomenclatural stability, to base a concept of A. pentacamerata on the forms illustrated by Subbotina (1953) listed above and to designate a neotype from this series. Accordingly, based on observations of the material at VNIGRI, we designate as neotype the specimen illustrated on pl. 23, figs. 8a-c (no. 3088 in the micropaleontological collections at VNIGRI) from the Zone of conical globorotaliids, Green Formation, Kuban River section, North Caucasus.
8. A relatively large, robust morphotype exhibiting more relaxed, evolute coiling exposing/ opening the umbilical region has been described as Acarinina pentacamerata (Subbotina) var camerata by Khalilov, 1956 (see also Blow, 1979, p. 917). Placed in the synonymy of A. pentacamerata by Berggren (1977) and Berggren and Norris (1997), we maintain this view here and view this morphology as transitional to aspensis. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Acarinina): Moderate to low trochospire; chambers ovoid, usually 4-6 in final whorl.
Wall muricate with pustules on umbilical shoulders;
This taxon: Compact, strongly muricate test with 5 globular, inflated chambers in last whorl.

Description

Compact, strongly muricate test with 5 globular, inflated chambers in last whorl. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Low-trochospiral; generally 5 (ranging from 4½ to 6 or 7) rounded, inflated chambers, increasing gradually in size in last whorl; periphery weakly lobate; umbilicus generally small, deep with concentration of muricae around circumumbilical region; aperture a low umbilical-extraumbilical slit; 10-12 chambers arranged in 2½ whorls; early chambers elevated slightly above plane of final whorl; intercameral sutures weakly curved, tangential to peripheral margin in early chambers of last whorl; in edge view test is weakly biconvex, peripheral margin rounded; intercameral sutures radial, weakly retorse along rounded peripheral margin. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Densely muricate on both sides, normal perforate, nonspinose. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Largest diameter 0.40-0.50 mm; thickness 0.20-0.25 mm. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Essentially global distribution in the early Eocene; not reliably reported from high austral latitudes. [Berggren et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 summary: Cosmopolitan; based on Berggren et al. (2006b)

No data available. [Berggren et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 1 - Open ocean mixed-layer tropical/subtropical, with symbionts; based on comparison with other species of the genus.

Evolved from Acarinina interposita Subbotina and probably gave rise to A. aspensis (Colom) and A. collactea (Finlay). [Berggren et al. 2006]

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: Zone E5 to Zone E7. Given the intricate taxonomic discussion above, and in the light of our selection of a neotype, it is necessary to review the range of A. pentacamerata as described in Subbotina’s papers. Subbotina (1947) designated as the holotype of A. pentacamerata a specimen from the Globorotalia crassaformis Zone. This level is probably equivalent to Zone E7. She subsequently (1953, p. 234, table 3, p. 29) showed it to range from the G. crassata Subzone of the Zone of compressed globorotaliids (~/= Zone P5-E3) through the Zone of conical globorotaliids (~/= Zones E4-E6), but observed that this species reached its acme of development in the Zone of conical globorotaliids. However, in her chart showing the suggested phylogeny of the acarininids (Subbotina, 1953, p. 153, fig. 8) Subbotina showed A. pentacamerata evolving from A. interposita Subbotina at the base of the G. marginodentata Subzone (~/= Zones E4-E5) and ranging to the top of the Zone of conical globorotaliids. She mentioned (1953, p. 234) that the forms from the uppermost Paleocene of Mangyshlak Peninsula (illustrated as her pl. 24, figs. 6a-8c) differed from the lower Eocene forms in their significantly smaller size, indicating that she probably harbored some doubts/ reservations on the conspecificity of the two groups (see discussion above). [Berggren et al. 2006]
Last occurrence (top): in upper part of E7a subzone (80% up, 48.7Ma, in Ypresian stage). Data source: Eocene Atlas
First occurrence (base): within E5 zone (50.67-52.54Ma, base in Ypresian stage). Data source: Eocene Atlas

Primary source for this page: Berggren et al. 2006 - Eocene Atlas, chap. 9, p. 296

References:

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Berggren, W. A. (1969). Berggren, W. A. (1969). Paleogene Biostratigraphy and Planktonic Foraminifera of Northwestern Europe. In, Brönnimann, P. & Renz, H. H. (eds) Proceedings of the First International Conference on Planktonic Microfossils, Geneva, 1967. E. J. Brill, Leiden 121-160. In, Brönnimann, P. & Renz, H. H. (eds) Proceedings of the First International Conference on Planktonic Microfossils, Geneva, 1967. E. J. Brill, Leiden (1): 121-160. gs

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Berggren, W. A., Pearson, P. N., Huber, B. T. & Wade, B. S. (2006b). Berggren, W. A., Pearson, P. N., Huber, B. T. & Wade, B. S. (2006). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Eocene Acarinina. In, Pearson, P. N. , Olsson, R. K. , Hemleben, C. , Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 41(Chap 9): 257-326. In, Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication . 41(Chap 9): 257-326. gs O

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Bolli, H. M. (1957a). Bolli, H. M. (1957). Planktonic foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr. , Tappan, H. , Beckmann, J. P. , Bolli, H. M. , Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin. 215: 155-172. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 155-172. gs

Bolli, H. M. (1957d). Bolli, H. M. (1957). The genera Globigerina and Globorotalia in the Paleocene-Lower Eocene Lizard Springs Formation of Trinidad. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr. , Tappan, H. , Beckmann, J. P. , Bolli, H. M. , Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin. 215: 61-82. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 61-82. gs

Brönnimann, P. (1952d). Brönnimann, P. (1952). Trinidad Paleocene and lower Eocene Globigerinidae. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 34(143): 1-34. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 34(143): 1-34. gs

Fleisher, R. L. (1974a). Fleisher, R. L. (1974). Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera and biostratigraphy, Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 23A. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 23: 1001-1072. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 23: 1001-1072. gs O

Hillebrandt, A. , von (1962). Hillebrandt, A. , von (1962). Das Paleozän und seine Foraminiferenfauna im Becken von Reichenhall und Salzburg. Abhandlungen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Neue Folge 108: 1-182. Abhandlungen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 108: 1-182. gs

Hillebrandt, A. , von (1976). Hillebrandt, A. , von (1976). Los foraminiferos planctonicos, nummulitidos y coccolitoforidos de la zona de Globorotalia palmerae del Cuisiense (Eoceno inferior) en el SE de Espana, (Provincias de Murcia y Alicante. Revista Española de Micropaleontología. 8(3): 323-394. Revista Española de Micropaleontología. 8(3): 323-394. gs O

Huber, B. T. (1991c). Huber, B. T. (1991). Paleogene and Early Neogene Planktonic Foraminifer Biostratigraphy of Sites 738 and 744, Kerguelen Plateau (Southern Indian Ocean). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 119: 427-449. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 119: 427-449. gs

Khalilov, D. M. (1956). Khalilov, D. M. (1956). 0 pelagicheskoy faune foraminifer Paleogenovykh otlozheniy Azerbaydzhana [Pelagic Foraminifera of the Paleogene Deposits of the Azerbaizhan SSR]. Trudy Instituta Geologii, Akademiya Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR. 17: 234-255. Trudy Instituta Geologii, Akademiya Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR. 17: 234-255. gs

Krasheninnikov, V. A., Serova, M. Y. & Basov, I. A. (1988). Krasheninnikov, V. A., Serova, M. Y. & Basov, I. A. (1988). Stratigrafiya I planktonnyie foraminiferyi paleogena: vyisokikh shirot Tikhogo okeana. Trudy Geologicheskiy Institut Akademiya Nauk SSSR. 429: 1-120. Trudy Geologicheskiy Institut Akademiya Nauk SSSR. 429: 1-120. gs

Pokorny, V. (1960). Pokorny, V. (1960). Microstratigraphie et biofacies du flysch carpatique de la Moravika meridionale (Tchécoslovaquie). Revue de l' Institut Francaise du Pétrole. 15: 1099-1141. Revue de l'Institut Francaise du Pétrole. 15: 1099-1141. gs

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test outline:	Subcircular	chamber arrangement:	Trochospiral	edge view:	Inequally biconvex	aperture:	Umbilical
sp chamber shape:	Inflated	coiling axis:	Low	periphery:	N/A	aperture border:	N/A
umb chbr shape:	Inflated	umbilicus:	Narrow	periph margin shape:	Broadly rounded	accessory apertures:	None
spiral sutures:	Strongly depressed	umb depth:	Deep	wall texture:	Finely muricate	shell porosity:	Finely Perforate: 1-2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Strongly depressed	final-whorl chambers:	4.5-5.5	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable

Acarinina pentacamerata

Taxonomy

Description

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

References:

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