Globorotalia (Acarinina) soldadoensis (Bronnimann).—Hillebrandt, 1962:142, pl. 14: figs. 5, 6 [Zone G = Zone P6 this paper; Reichenhall-Salzburg Basin, Austro-German border],—Jenkins, 1971:73, pl. 4, figs. 94-98 [Globigerinatriloculinoides Zone, Waipawan Stage, Middle Waipara River section, New Zealand].
Acarininasoldadoensis (Bronnimann).—Berggren, 1971b:76, pl. 5: figs. 1-3 [Morozovellavelascoensis Zone, DSDP Hole 20C/6/4: 5-7 cm; South Atlantic Ocean].—Huber, 1991b:439, pl. 2: fig. 16 [Zone AP6a, lower Eocene, ODP Hole 738C/I0R: 275.25 msbf; Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean].
Muricoglobigerinasoldadoensis soldadoensis (Bronnimann).—Blow, 1979:1120, pl. 98: figs. 1-3 [sample FCRM 1670, Zone P5 of Blow, 1979 = Zone P4c this paper; Lindi area, Tanzania], pl. 107: figs. 1-5 [Zone P6 of Blow, 1979; DSDP Hole 20C/6/3: 76-78 cm; South Atlantic Ocean], pl. 109: fig. 8 [Zone P6, DSDP Hole 47.2/8/4: 78-81 cm], pl. 110: fig. 1 [Zone P6, DSDP Hole 47.2/8/4: 78-81 cm], pl. 124: figs. 1, 3, 5 [Zone P7, DSDP Hole 47.2/8/3: 83-85 cm], pl. 131: figs. 1-3, 6 [Zone P8, DSDP Hole 47.2/8/2: 71-73 cm; Shatsky Rise, northwestern Pacific Ocean],—Stott and Kennett, 1990:559, pl. 3: figs. I, 4 [Zone AP5, ODP Hole 689B/22X/5: 110-114 cm; Maud Rise, Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean]. [Olsson et al. 1999]
Taxonomic discussion: This taxon is characterized by a test composed of 4 to 5 chambers arranged in a relatively loose (lax) coil, resulting in a relatively open and deep umbilicus and moderate to strong lateral chamber compression (giving an angulate appearance to the peripheral margin of some chambers), which culminates in the descendant angulate species angulosa. Acarinina clara Khalilov (1956) from the upper Paleocene of Azerbaizhan exhibits the typical lobulate test and elongated chamber morphology ofA. soldadoensis and is herein regarded as a junior synonym of this species. [Olsson et al. 1999]
Distinguishing features: Parent taxon (Acarinina): Moderate to low trochospire; chambers ovoid, usually 4-6 in final whorl. Wall muricate with pustules on umbilical shoulders; This taxon: Test low trochospiral, moderately evolute; 4-5 rounded chambers elongated in the axis of coiling; final chamber often reduced in size; lobulate periphery; deep and relatively wide umbilicus; sutures on spiral side deep, chambers often overlapping; moderately to strongly muricate.
NB These concise distinguishing features statements are used in the tables of daughter-taxa to act as quick summaries of the differences between e.g. species of one genus. They are being edited as the site is developed and comments on them are especially welcome.
Description
Diagnostic characters: Low trochoid, moderately evolute test of 4-5, moderately to strongly muricate, rounded chambers distinctly elongated in the axis of coiling; final chamber often reduced in size; lobulate periphery; deep and relatively wide umbilicus revealing (in some individuals) earlier chambers and their arcuate foramina; sutures on spiral side deep and curved and/or tangential in direction of coiling, chambers often overlapping. [Olsson et al. 1999]
Character matrix
test outline:
Lobate
chamber arrangement:
Trochospiral
edge view:
Equally biconvex
aperture:
Umbilical
sp chamber shape:
Inflated
coiling axis:
Low
periphery:
N/A
aperture border:
N/A
umb chbr shape:
Inflated
umbilicus:
Wide
periph margin shape:
Broadly rounded
accessory apertures:
None
spiral sutures:
Moderately depressed
umb depth:
Deep
wall texture:
Coarsely muricate
shell porosity:
Finely Perforate: 1-2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:
Moderately depressed
final-whorl chambers:
3-4
N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable
Biogeography and Palaeobiology
Geographic distributionThis species has a widespread geographic distribution from equatorial to subantarctic regions (Figure 20). [Olsson et al. 1999]
Aze et al. 2011 summary: Cosmopolitan; based on Olsson et al. (1999) Isotope paleobiologyNo data available. [Olsson et al. 1999] Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 1 - Open ocean mixed-layer tropical/subtropical, with symbionts. Based on very heavy _13C and relatively light _18O. Sources cited by Aze et al. 2011 (appendix S3): Pearson et al. (1993, 2001a) Phylogenetic relationsAcarininasoldadoensis is a sister taxon to A. mckannai from which it differs in being somewhat more evolute and in having more umbilically elongate chambers. [Olsson et al. 1999]
Geological Range: Notes: Zone P4c to Zone P9. [Olsson et al. 1999]
The FAD of Acarinina soldadoensis marks the base of zone P4c / top of P4b (Wade et al. 2011) Last occurrence (top): within E7 zone (45.72-50.20Ma, top in Lutetian stage). Data source: Olsson et al. 1999 First occurrence (base): at base of P4c subzone (0% up, 57.8Ma, in Thanetian stage). Data source: zonal marker (Wade et al. 2011)
Plot of occurrence data:
Range-bar - range as quoted above, pink interval top occurs in, green interval base occurs in.
Triangles indicate an event for which a precise placement has been suggested.
Grey shading between taxa indicates intergrading species within an anagenetic lineage (data from
Lamyman et al. 2026).
Histogram - Neptune occurrence data from DSDP and ODP proceedings. Pale shading <50 samples in time bin. Interpret with caution & read these notes
Primary source for this page: Olsson et al. 1999 - Atlas of Paleocene Planktonic Foraminifera, p. 50
References:
Berggren, W. A. (1971c). Paleogene planktonic foraminiferal faunas on Legs I-IV (Atlantic Ocean) JOIDES Deep Sea Drilling Program: a synthesis. In, Farinacci, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the Second Planktonic Conference, Roma 1970. Edizioni Tecnoscienza, Rome 57-77. gs
Berggren, W. A., Pearson, P. N., Huber, B. T. & Wade, B. S. (2006b). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Eocene Acarinina. In, Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication . 41(Chap 9): 257-326. gsO
Blow, W. H. (1979). The Cainozoic Globigerinida: A study of the morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary relationships and stratigraphical distribution of some Globigerinida (mainly Globigerinacea). E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. gs
Bolli, H. M. (1957d). The genera Globigerina and Globorotalia in the Paleocene-Lower Eocene Lizard Springs Formation of Trinidad. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 61-82. gs
Brönnimann, P. (1952d). Trinidad Paleocene and lower Eocene Globigerinidae. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 34(143): 1-34. gs
Hillebrandt, A. , von (1962). Das Paleozän und seine Foraminiferenfauna im Becken von Reichenhall und Salzburg. Abhandlungen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 108: 1-182. gs
Khalilov, D. M. (1956). 0 pelagicheskoy faune foraminifer Paleogenovykh otlozheniy Azerbaydzhana [Pelagic Foraminifera of the Paleogene Deposits of the Azerbaizhan SSR]. Trudy Instituta Geologii, Akademiya Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR. 17: 234-255. gs
Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Berggren, W. A. & Huber, B. T. (1999). Atlas of Paleocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. (85): 1-252. gs
Postuma, J. A. (1971). Manual of planktonic foraminifera. Elsevier for Shell Group, The Hague. 1-406. gs
Soldan, D. M., Petrizzo, M. R., Silva, I. P. & Cau, A. (2011). Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the Paleogene genus through parsimony analysis. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 41: 260-284. gs
Stott, L. D. & Kennett, J. P. (1990). The Paleoceanographic and Paleoclimatic signature of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in the Antarctic: Stable isotopic results from ODP Leg 113. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 113: 829-848. gs
Acarinina soldadoensis compiled by the pforams@mikrotax project teamviewed: 5-9-2026
Eocene_Atlas_pl09-3_fig4-7.jpg
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Soldan et al 2011 f11-07.JPG
Soldan et al 2011 f11-08.JPG
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Postuma 1971 p159-4.JPG
Postuma 1971 p159-7.JPG
holotype: G. soldadoensis
holotype: G. soldadoensis
