pforams@mikrotax - Acarinina subsphaerica

Citation: Acarinina subsphaerica (Subbotina 1947)

Basionym: Globigerina subsphaerica Subbotina 1947

Synonyms:

Globigerina subsphaerica Subbotina, 1947:108, pl. 5: figs. 26-28 [holotype: Globigerina ex gr. canariensis Zone, Assu River section, northern Caucasus], pl. 5: figs. 23-25 [zone of compressed globorotaliids, Osetiya, Assu River section, northern Caucasus]; 1953:59, pl. 2: fig. 15a-c [holotype refigured]. —Shutskaya, 1956:91, pl. 3: fig. 1 [holotype from Foraminiferal Bed (Fl), zone of compressed globorotaliids, Assu River section, northern Caucasus, also recorded from equivalent levels in Assu River section, Osetiya, northern Caucasus].
Globoconusa quadripartitaformis Khalilov, 1956:249, pl. 5: fig. 3a-c [holotype No. 238, sample 35 (1946), foothills of Malyi Caucasus, Azerbaizhan],
Globigerina chascanona Loeblich and Tappan, 1957a: 180, pl. 49: fig. 5a-c [holotype, lower Zone P4, uppermost Hornerstown Fm., New Jersey] [in part, not pl. 49: fig. 4a-c, pl. 61: fig. 8a-c].
Globigerina spiralis Bolli.—Loeblich and Tappan, 1957a: 182, pl. 47: fig. 3a-c [Zone P4, Salt Mountain Limestone, Alabama], pl. 49: fig. 3a-c [Zone P4, Hornerstown Fm., New Jersey], pl. 51: figs. 6a-9c [Zone P4, Vincentown Fm., New Jersey], pl. 53: fig. 3a-c [Zone P4, Vincentown Fm., New Jersey], [Not Bolli, 1957a.]
Acarinina subsphaerica (Subbotina). —Shutskaya, 1958:89, pl. 2: figs. 12-14, pl. 3: figs. 1-3 [all figured specimens from Nal'chik Horizon, Sunzha River section, Groznensk Oblast, northern Caucasus] [in part, not pl. 2: figs. 6-11, pl. 3: figs. 4-21 « Acarinina mckannai]; 1960:249, pl. 2: fig. 8; 1970b:l 18-120, pl. 2: fig. 8a-c [Acarinina acarinata Zone, Kachan Stage, Belbek River, Bakhchisaray Region, southwestern Crimea], pl. 6: fig. 3a-c [Globorotalia aequa Zone, Bakhchisarayan Stage, Belbek River, Bakhchisaray Region, southwestern Crimea], pl. 26: fig. 3a-c [Acarinina subsphaerica Zone, Nal'chik Region, Khieu River, northern Caucasus].
Acarinina falsospiralis Davidzon and Morozova, 1964:26, 28, pl. 1: fig. 5a-c [upper Paleocene, upper Bukhara Beds, lower Karatag Horizon, Tutkaul Village, Sanglak Range, Tadzhik Depression, Tadzhikistan],
Acarinina microsphaerica Morozova in Morozova, Kozhevnikova, and Kuryleva, 1967:195, pl. 6: figs. 3, 4 [Thanetian Stage, upper Paleocene, Kacha River, Crimea].
Globorotalia (Acarinina) subsphaerica (Subbotina).—Blow, 1979:960, pl. 91: figs. 4-6 [Zone P4, DSDP Hole 21 A/3/6: 74-76 cm; South Atlantic Ocean], pl. 92: figs. 1-3 [Zone P4, DSDP Hole 47.2/9/5: 74-76 cm; Shatsky Rise, northwestern Pacific Ocean],
Muricoglobigerina chascanona (Loeblich and Tappan).—Blow, 1979:1126, pl. 91: figs. 1, 2 [lower Zone P4, DSDP Hole 21 A/3/6: 74-76 cm; South Atlantic Ocean], pl. 92: fig. 3 [Zone P4, DSDP Hole 47.2/9/5: 70-72 cm], pl. 93: figs. 7-9, pl. 235: figs. 1-3 [Zone P4, DSDP Hole 47.2/9/3: 70-72 cm], pl. 101: figs. 5, 6 [Zone P5, DSDP Hole 47.2/9/1: 64-66 cm; Shatsky Rise, northwestern Pacific Ocean].
Acarinina chascanona (Loeblich and Tappan).—Huber, 1991b:439, pl. 2: fig. 3 [Zone AP4, ODP Hole 738C/15R: 322.07 msbf; Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean] [in part, not pl. 2: fig. 4]. [Not Loeblich and Tappan, 1957a.] [Olsson et al. 1999]

Taxonomic discussion: The strongly conical spire and small, tightly coiled muricate test makes this one of the most distinctive taxa of the middle Paleocene. Yet it remains one of the least understood taxa among the acarininids. Although Subbotina described subsphaerica as resembling "a slightly bursting chestnut" (1947:108), she also indicated that the test is "reticulate, finely porous," but she made no mention of its most distinctive character: its high conical spire. In fact, Subbotina (1953:53) retained subsphaerica among her "polythalamous species of Globigerina" characterized by possessing five or more closely packed chambers in the last whorl (together with such taxa as edita Subbotina, compressa Plummer, pseudobulloides Plummer, postcretacea Mjatliuk, and tarchanensis Subbotina and Chutzieva). This oversight is difficult to comprehend and may be partly ascribed to the poor state of preservation (recrystallized tests) of most northern Caucasus Paleocene material. It remained for Shutskaya (1958) to
provide the first adequate characterization of this taxon, to clearly illustrate the high degree of variability in this taxon (Shutskaya, 1958, 1970a), in particular, its distinctive high spire, and to transfer it to its appropriate home in the genus Acarinina. In fact, Morozova (1958, fig. 5), in a paper dealing with the morphologic characters important in the classification of Paleogene taxa of the Globigerinidea, observed that the microspheric generation among "globigerinids" typically possess a higher spire and more whorls of chambers than megalospheric forms, and she cited Globigerina subsphaerica Subbotina as a good illustration of this feature.
This taxon has been considered a junior synonym of Acarinina mckannai (White) by some workers (Hillebrandt, 1962; Krasheninnikov and Ponikarov, 1965; Stainforth et al., 1975; Berggren, 1977) because of their supposed similarity. The latter is distinguished by its significantly larger test, relatively low spire, and more evolute coiling pattern resulting in a wide and open umbilicus. In our material, A. mckannai stratigraphically appears somewhat higher/later than A. subsphaerica from which we suggest it is descended (cf. Stainforth
etal., 1975).
We note that moderately to high-spired morphotypes with
surficial morphology/ornament comparable to A. subsphaerica occur in upper lower to lower middle Eocene; these may represent a continuation of the late Paleocene acarininid radiation or an independent early Eocene radiation. This issue, however, is beyond the scope of this study. Similar high-spired acarinids, which we regard as synonymous with A. subsphaerica, have been described from middle Paleocene deposits in Azerbaizhan, Tadzhikistan, and the Crimea. These include Globoconusa quadripartitaformis Khalilov (1956), Acarinina falsospiralis Davidzon and Morozova (1964), and Acarinina microsphaerica Morozova (1967). Globigerina chascanona Loeblich and Tappan (1957a) is a small, very high-spired pustulose form, which we regard as an immature stage of A. subsphaerica. Both Blow (1979) and Huber (1991b) noted these small forms, which they placed in chascanona. Larger (adult) forms of A. subsphaerica have been identified in middle Paleocene coastal plain deposits from Alabama and New Jersey by Loeblich and Tappan as Globigerina spiralis Bolli. [Olsson et al. 1999]

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Acarinina): Moderate to low trochospire; chambers ovoid, usually 4-6 in final whorl.
Wall muricate with pustules on umbilical shoulders;
This taxon: Test small, tightly coiled with strongly elevated spire; overall shape sub-sphaerical; umbilicus narro,w deep and surrounded by muricae; final chamber usually diminutive with an arched aperture.

Description

This species is characterized by its strongly elevated spire and the tightly coiled, small test which gives it a sphaerical, globular shape. The umbilicus is narrow and deep and is surrounded by coarse pustules (muricae). Specimens usually have a diminutive final chamber with an arched aperture. [Olsson et al. 1999]

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

This species appears global in distribution in spite of an apparent bias to a Tethyan distribution, which is probably related to numerous citations in the Russian literature (Figure 22). [Olsson et al. 1999]
Aze et al. 2011 summary: Cosmopolitan; based on Olsson et al. (1999)

No data available. [Olsson et al. 1999]
Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 1 - Open ocean mixed-layer tropical/subtropical, with symbionts; based on comparison with other species of the genus.

Acarinina subsphaerica evolved from A. nitida by an increase in spire height and the development of a coarsely muricate umbilical surface, which is a feature characteristic of all subsequent acarininids. Both A. subsphaerica and A. nitida share an anguloconic, umbilically inflated test as juveniles and, in many of the geologically older examples, a flat or gently domed spiral surface. Acarinina subsphaerica gave rise to A. mckannai by an increase in whorl expansion rate. [Olsson et al. 1999]

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: Subzone P4a. We have not found A. subsphaerica associated with P3b faunas in any of our material nor have we found it to occur above the middle part of Zone P4 at low latitudes. Indeed, it is the short and distinct stratigraphic range of this taxon that renders it so useful for subdivision of Zone P4. We recognize high-spired acarininids from the upper Paleocene at the high southern latitude ODP Site 690. (This taxon was recently recorded by Lu and Keller (1995) in younger stratigraphic levels at DSDP Site 577 (Shatsky Rise), northwestern Pacific Ocean and by Huber (1991b) at ODP Site 738, southwestern Kerguelen Plateau (southern Indian Ocean) near the Paleocene/Eocene boundary.) [Olsson et al. 1999]
Last occurrence (top): within E3 zone (54.61-55.20Ma, top in Ypresian stage). Data source: Olsson et al. 1999
First occurrence (base): within P4a subzone (60.52-60.73Ma, base in Selandian stage). Data source: Olsson et al. 1999

Primary source for this page: Olsson et al. 1999 - Atlas of Paleocene Planktonic Foraminifera, p. 52

References:

Berggren, W. A. & Norris, R. D. (1997). Berggren, W. A. & Norris, R. D. (1997). Biostratigraphy, phylogeny and systematics of Paleocene trochospiral planktonic foraminifera. Micropaleontology. 43(supplement 1): 1-116. Micropaleontology. 43(supplement 1): 1-116. gs

Berggren, W. A. (1977a). Berggren, W. A. (1977). Atlas of Palaeogene Planktonic Foraminifera: some Species of the Genera Subbotina, Planorotalites, Morozovella, Acarinina and Truncorotaloides. In, Ramsay, A. T. S. (ed.) Oceanic Micropaleontology. Academic Press, London 205-300. In, Ramsay, A. T. S. (ed.) Oceanic Micropaleontology. Academic Press, London 205-300. gs

Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Swisher, I. , C. C. & Aubry, M. -P. (1995b). Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Swisher, I. , C. C. & Aubry, M. -P. (1995). A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. In, Berggren, W. A. , Kent, D. V. , Aubry, M. -P. & Hardenbol, J. (eds) Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlations. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication No. 54, 129-212. In, Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Aubry, M. -P. & Hardenbol, J. (eds) Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlations. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication No. 54, 129-212. gs

Blow, W. H. (1979). Blow, W. H. (1979). The Cainozoic Globigerinida: A study of the morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary relationships and stratigraphical distribution of some Globigerinida (mainly Globigerinacea). E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. gs

Hillebrandt, A. , von (1962). Hillebrandt, A. , von (1962). Das Paleozän und seine Foraminiferenfauna im Becken von Reichenhall und Salzburg. Abhandlungen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Neue Folge 108: 1-182. Abhandlungen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 108: 1-182. gs

Krasheninnikov, V. A. & Ponikarov, V. P. (1965). Krasheninnikov, V. A. & Ponikarov, V. P. (1965). . . -. . -. gs

Morozova, V. G. (1958). Morozova, V. G. (1958). K sistematike i morfologii paleogenovykh predstavitelei nadsemeistva Globigerinidea [Addition to the systematics and morphology of the Paleogene members of the Superfamily Globigerinidea]. Voprosyi Mikropaleontologii. 2: 22-52. Voprosyi Mikropaleontologii. 2: 22-52. gs

Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Berggren, W. A. & Huber, B. T. (1999). Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Berggren, W. A. & Huber, B. T. (1999). Atlas of Paleocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. 1-252. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. (85): 1-252. gs

Shutskaya, E. K. (1958). Shutskaya, E. K. (1958). Variability in some lower Paleogene planktonic foraminifera from the northern Caucasus. Voprosyi Mikropaleontologii. 2: 86-90. Voprosyi Mikropaleontologii. 2: 86-90. gs

Soldan, D. M., Petrizzo, M. R., Silva, I. P. & Cau, A. (2011). Soldan, D. M., Petrizzo, M. R., Silva, I. P. & Cau, A. (2011). Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the Paleogene genus through parsimony analysis. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 41: 260-284. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 41: 260-284. gs

Stainforth, R. M., Lamb, J. L., Luterbacher, H., Beard, J. H. & Jeffords, R. M. (1975). Stainforth, R. M., Lamb, J. L., Luterbacher, H., Beard, J. H. & Jeffords, R. M. (1975). Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation and characteristics of index forms. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Articles. 62: 1-425. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Articles. 62: 1-425. gs O

Subbotina, N. N. (1947). Subbotina, N. N. (1947). Danian and Paleogene foraminifera of the northern Caucasus. Vses Neft Nauchno-Issled Geol-Razved Inst. (VNIGRI), Microfauna of the oil fields of the USSR. 1947: 39-160. Trudy VNIGRI Mikrofauna USSR. 1947: 39-160. gs O

Subbotina, N. N. (1953). Subbotina, N. N. (1953). Foraminiferes fossiles d'URSS Globigerinidae, Globorotaliidae, Hantkeninidae. Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres. 2239: 1-144. Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres. 2239: 1-144. gs

test outline:	Lobate	chamber arrangement:	Trochospiral	edge view:	Inequally biconvex	aperture:	Umbilical
sp chamber shape:	Crescentic	coiling axis:	Low	periphery:	N/A	aperture border:	N/A
umb chbr shape:	Subtriangular	umbilicus:	Narrow	periph margin shape:	Broadly rounded	accessory apertures:	None
spiral sutures:	Moderately depressed	umb depth:	Deep	wall texture:	Finely muricate	shell porosity:	Finely Perforate: 1-2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Moderately depressed	final-whorl chambers:	5-6	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable

Acarinina subsphaerica

Taxonomy

Description

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

References:

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