pforams@mikrotax - Acarinina topilensis

Citation: Acarinina topilensis (Cushman 1925)

Basionym: Globigerina topilensis

Synonyms:

Globigerina topilensis Cushman, 1925:7, pl. 1: figs. 9a-c [middle Eocene, Tantoyuca Fm., Vera Cruz, Mexico].— Howe, 1939:84, pl. 12: figs. 1-3 [middle Eocene, Claiborne / Cook Mountain Fm., Louisiana].—Weiss, 1955:309, 310, pl. 2: figs. 16, 17 [middle Eocene, Chira Fm., Verdun-Chira Group, north-west Peru].—Hamilton and Rex, 1959:792, pl. 252: figs. 17, 21 [middle Eocene, Sylvania Guyot, Marshall Islands, west Pacific Ocean].
Truncorotaloides topilensis (Cushman).—Bolli, 1957b:170, pl. 39: figs. 13-16b [middle Eocene Porticulasphaera mexicana Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad].—Saito, 1962:215-216, pl. 33: figs. 8a-c [middle Eocene, Haha-Jima, Bonin Islands, western Pacific Ocean]. —Samanta, 1970, pl. 3: figs. 22-23 [middle Eocene Orbulinoides beckmanni Zone, Lakhpat, India]. —Postuma, 1971:234, figures on p. 235 [middle Eocene Navet Fm., Trinidad].—Jenkins, 1971:136, text-figs. 388-391 [middle Eocene Globigerapsis index Zone, Hampden Beach section, South Island, New Zealand].—Samuel, 1972:201, pl. 55: figs. 4a-5c [middle Eocene, Bakony Mountains, Hungary].— Toumarkine, 1975:738, pl. 743: figs. 12 [middle Eocene Globorotalia lehneri Zone, DSDP Site 313, South Atlantic Ocean].—Stainforth and others, 1975:234, text-figs. 91. 1a-4 (reillustration of Bolli, 1957b, pl. 39: figs. 13-16c).— Berggren, 1977:262-263, chart no. 12 (reillustration of specimens from literature).—Pujol, 1983:642, pl. 5: figs. 10-11 [middle Eocene Zone P11-12, DSDP Hole 516F, Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic Ocean].—Snyder and Waters, 1985:443, pl. 5: figs. 13-15 [middle Eocene Zone P13, DSDP Hole 548A, north-east Atlantic Ocean].— Miller and others, 1991 [upper Eocene Zone P15 (reworked), DSDP Site 612, New Jersey continental slope, north-west Atlantic Ocean].
Pseudogloborotalia topilensis (Cushman).—Bermúdez, 1961:1348-1349, pl.16: fig. 12 [middle Eocene, Oriente Province, Cuba].
Globorotalia topilensis (Cushman).—Aubert, 1963:60-61, pl. 4: figs. 5a-c [middle Eocene, Sidi-Ameur-el-Hadi, Northern Morocco].
Globorotalia (Truncorotaloides) topilensis (Cushman).— Blow, 1979:1041-1043, pl: 193: figs. 1-9 and pl: 207: figs. 3, 4 [middle Eocene Zone P13, Sample RS. 311, Kilwa area, Tanzania].
Truncorotaloides libyaensis El Khoudary, 1977:330, pl. 2: fig. 1 [middle Eocene, Libya].—Toumarkine and Luterbacher, 1985:132, figs. 32.4-6 (re-illustration of type series); 32. 4-6; 33.8-9 [middle Eocene, Beni Mazar, Nile Valley, Egypt, from Boukhary, Toumarkine and Khalifa, 1982].

Taxonomic discussion: Originally described from the middle Eocene of Mexico, this taxon has since been shown to have an essentially global (sub)tropical distribution. With its distinctly angulo-conical test, disjunct (ante)penultimate chamber margins, wedge/cuneate shaped and strongly muricate terminal chamber(s), “supplementary” apertures along spiral sutural margins and relatively short stratigraphic range, it is one of the most distinctive middle Eocene taxa.
The main question regarding this taxon is its ancestry which bears in turn upon the limits of variability and stratigraphic range of possible ancestral morphotypes. Blow (1979, p. 1043-1045) created the taxon G. (T.) topilensis praetopilensis (said to have evolved from Acarinina pseudotopilensis) and viewed it as directly ancestral to topilensis. Differentiation was made primarily on the basis of the more involute coiling pattern, smaller umbilicus, less well developed murical ornament along the peripheral margin of the later chambers, and less well developed/pronounced chamber separation in the (ante)penultimate chambers.
Pearson (1990) and Pearson and others (1993, p. 124) viewed the evolution of this taxon in a similar fashion except that pseudotopilensis, rather than Blow’s praetopilensis, was viewed as the direct ancestor of topilensis. Reference to Pearson and others (1993, pl. 1, figs. 13-15) shows that their concept of pseudotopilensis is closer to Blow’s (1979, pl. 178, figs. 6-9; pl. 169, figs. 1-7, 9, and, in particular, 8 [=holotype] praetopilensis and/or Acarinina mcgowrani n. sp., are distinctly different from Subbotina’s (1953, pl. 21, figs. 8a-c [=holotype], 9a-c; pl. 22, figs. 1a-2c) pseudotopilensis from the Zone of conical globorotaliids (=Zones P6b-8 of Berggren and others, 1995). Pearson (1990) made the observation that the strongly anguloconical (truncorotaloid) character of the last chamber arises only in fully adult specimens (being absent in smaller size fractions) so that when the last chamber is lost or broken this taxon is indistingushable from “pseudotopilensis”. (We would agree except that we believe it is with praetopilensis that differentiation should be made.) The taxon pseudotopilensis has its FAD in Zone E1 and does not range into stratigraphic levels as high as Zones P11-
12 (=E9-11) from which “pseudotopilensis” of Pearson and others (1993) was illustrated. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Acarinina): Moderate to low trochospire; chambers ovoid, usually 4-6 in final whorl.
Wall muricate with pustules on umbilical shoulders;
This taxon: Chambers distinctly inflated, anguloconical; last 1 or 2 chambers strongly compressed, angulate and disjunct; rimmed by thick, blunt circum-cameral muricocarinae; sutural supplementary apertures on spiral side.

Description

Distinguished by its distinctly inflated, anguloconical, ‘truncorotaloid’ chambers and strongly compressed, angulate and disjunct (ante)penultimate chamber(s) rimmed by thick, blunt circum-cameral muricocarinae and sutural “supplementary” apertures on spiral side. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Subquadrate, lobulate peripheral outline; 3½ - 4½ chambers on umbilical side, increasing rapidly in size, laterally angulate, ante-and penultimate chamber(s) strongly flattened along peripheral margin giving distinctly cuneate or mitriform shape; sutures strongly incised, radial and straight to weakly curved depending on degree of compression of adjacent chambers resulting in disjunct/incised chamber separation; umbilicus narrow, deep; aperture a raised, umbilical-extraumbilical arch bordered by a thin lip; approximately 10 chambers in 2 - 2½ whorls on spiral side; chambers radially elongate, lunate/semicircular, last chamber often wedge shaped/cuneate; sutures curved, depressed; peripheral margin marked by concentration of (on some individuals large, blunt) muricae; supplementary apertures, bordered by raised rims, visible along spiral suture margin(s); planoconvex in edge view; early chambers of last whorl subrounded to subacute, (pen)ultimate chambers strongly anguloconical. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Strongly muricate, nonspinose, normal perforate. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Maximum diameter of holotype 0.34 mm, thickness 0.24 mm. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Widely distributed in the Caribbean, North and South Atlantic, Indo-Pacific and Tethyan/Mediterranean regions; rare in North Caucasus sections. [Berggren et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 summary: Low to middle latitudes; based on Berggren et al. (2006b)

Oxygen and carbon isotope evidence suggests a mixed layer habitat (Pearson and others, 2001). Boron isotope data (Pearson and Palmer, 1999) supports this interpretation. [Berggren et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 1 - Open ocean mixed-layer tropical/subtropical, with symbionts. Based on very heavy _¹³C and relatively light _¹⁸O. Sources cited by Aze et al. 2011 (appendix S3): Pearson et al. (1993, 2001a)

Evolved from Acarinina praetopilensis in E10 and gave rise to A. rohri. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: Zone E10 to mid Zone E12. [Berggren et al. 2006]
Last occurrence (top): within E11 zone (40.40-41.89Ma, top in Bartonian stage). Data source: Eocene Atlas
First occurrence (base): in lower part of E10 zone (20% up, 43Ma, in Lutetian stage). Data source: Eocene Atlas

Primary source for this page: Berggren et al. 2006 - Eocene Atlas, chap. 9, p. 319

References:

Berggren, W. A. (1977a). Berggren, W. A. (1977). Atlas of Palaeogene Planktonic Foraminifera: some Species of the Genera Subbotina, Planorotalites, Morozovella, Acarinina and Truncorotaloides. In, Ramsay, A. T. S. (ed.) Oceanic Micropaleontology. Academic Press, London 205-300. In, Ramsay, A. T. S. (ed.) Oceanic Micropaleontology. Academic Press, London 205-300. gs

Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Swisher, I. , C. C. & Aubry, M. -P. (1995b). Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Swisher, I. , C. C. & Aubry, M. -P. (1995). A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. In, Berggren, W. A. , Kent, D. V. , Aubry, M. -P. & Hardenbol, J. (eds) Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlations. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication No. 54, 129-212. In, Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Aubry, M. -P. & Hardenbol, J. (eds) Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlations. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication No. 54, 129-212. gs

Berggren, W. A., Pearson, P. N., Huber, B. T. & Wade, B. S. (2006b). Berggren, W. A., Pearson, P. N., Huber, B. T. & Wade, B. S. (2006). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Eocene Acarinina. In, Pearson, P. N. , Olsson, R. K. , Hemleben, C. , Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 41(Chap 9): 257-326. In, Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication . 41(Chap 9): 257-326. gs O

Bermudez, P. J. (1961). Bermudez, P. J. (1961). Contribucion al estudio de las Globigerinidea de la region Caribe-Antillana (Paleoceno-Reciente). Editorial Sucre, Caracas. 1119-1393. Editorial Sucre, Caracas. (3): 1119-1393. gs

Blow, W. H. (1979). Blow, W. H. (1979). The Cainozoic Globigerinida: A study of the morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary relationships and stratigraphical distribution of some Globigerinida (mainly Globigerinacea). E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. gs

Bolli, H. M. (1957a). Bolli, H. M. (1957). Planktonic foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr. , Tappan, H. , Beckmann, J. P. , Bolli, H. M. , Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin. 215: 155-172. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 155-172. gs

Cushman, J. A. (1925b). Cushman, J. A. (1925). An Eocene fauna from the Moctezuma River, Mexico. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 9(2): 298-301. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 9(2): 298-301. gs

El Khoudary, R. H. (1977). El Khoudary, R. H. (1977). Truncorotaloides libyaensis, a new planktonic foraminifer from Al Jabal al Akhdar (Libya). Revista Española de Micropaleontología. 9: 326-336. Revista Española de Micropaleontología. 9: 326-336. gs

Hamilton, E. L. & Rex, R. W. (1959). Hamilton, E. L. & Rex, R. W. (1959). Lower Eocene phosphatized Globigerina ooze from Sylvania Guyot. U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper. 260-W: 785-798. U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper. 260-W: 785-798. gs

Howe, H. V. (1939). Howe, H. V. (1939). Louisiana Cook Mountain Eocene foraminifera. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Louisiana. 14: 1-122. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Louisiana. 14: 1-122. gs

Jenkins, D. G. (1971). Jenkins, D. G. (1971). New Zealand Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminifera. New Zealand Geological Survey, Paleontological Bulletin. 42: 1-278. New Zealand Geological Survey, Paleontological Bulletin. 42: 1-278. gs

Miller, K. G., Berggren, W. A., Zhang, J. & Palmer-Julson, A. A. (1991). Miller, K. G., Berggren, W. A., Zhang, J. & Palmer-Julson, A. A. (1991). Biostratigraphy and isotope stratigraphy of upper Eocene microtektites at Site 612: how many impacts?. Palaios. 6: 17-38. Palaios. 6: 17-38. gs

Pearson, P. N. & Palmer, M. R. (1999). Pearson, P. N. & Palmer, M. R. (1999). Middle Eocene seawater pH and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Science. 284: 1824-1826. Science. 284: 1824-1826. gs

Pearson, P. N. (1990). Pearson, P. N. (1990). Evolution and Phylogeny of Palaeogene Planktonic Foraminifera. PhD thesis, Cambridge University. 1-224. PhD thesis, Cambridge University. 1-224. gs

Pearson, P. N., et al. (2001a). Pearson, P. N. et al. (2001). Warm tropical sea surface temperatures in the Late Cretaceous and Eocene epochs. Nature. 413: 481-487. Nature. 413: 481-487. gs

Postuma, J. A. (1971). Postuma, J. A. (1971). Manual of planktonic foraminifera. Elsevier for Shell Group, The Hague. 1-406. Elsevier for Shell Group, The Hague. 1-406. gs

Pujol, C. (1983). Pujol, C. (1983). Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the South-Western Atlantic (Rio Grande Rise): Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 72. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 72: 623-673. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 72: 623-673. gs

Saito, T. (1962a). Saito, T. (1962a). Eocene planktonic foraminifera from Hahajima (Hillsborough Island). Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series. 45: 209-225. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan. 45: 209-225. gs

Samuel, O. (1972b). Samuel, O. (1972). Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene in the Bakony mountains (Hungary). Zborník geologických vied, séria Západné Karpaty. 17: 165-206. Zborník geologických vied, séria Západné Karpaty. 17: 165-206. gs

Snyder, S. W. & Waters, V. J. (1985). Snyder, S. W. & Waters, V. J. (1985). Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Goban Spur Region, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 80. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 80: 439-472. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 80: 439-472. gs

Stainforth, R. M., Lamb, J. L., Luterbacher, H., Beard, J. H. & Jeffords, R. M. (1975). Stainforth, R. M., Lamb, J. L., Luterbacher, H., Beard, J. H. & Jeffords, R. M. (1975). Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation and characteristics of index forms. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Articles. 62: 1-425. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Articles. 62: 1-425. gs O

Toumarkine, M. & Luterbacher, H. (1985). Toumarkine, M. & Luterbacher, H. (1985). Paleocene and Eocene planktic foraminifera. In, Bolli, H. M. , Saunders, J. B. & Perch-Neilsen, K. (eds) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 87-154. In, Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. & Perch-Neilsen, K. (eds) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 87-154. gs

Toumarkine, M. (1975). Toumarkine, M. (1975). Middle and Late Eocene planktonic foraminifera from the northwestern Pacific Ocean: Leg 32 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 32: 735-751. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 32: 735-751. gs

Weiss, L. (1955b). Weiss, L. (1955). Planktonic index foraminifera of northwestern Peru. Micropaleontology. 1: 301-319. Micropaleontology. 1: 301-319. gs

test outline:	Subquadrate	chamber arrangement:	Trochospiral	edge view:	Planoconvex	aperture:	Umbilical-extraumbilical
sp chamber shape:	Inflated	coiling axis:	Low	periphery:	N/A	aperture border:	Thin lip
umb chbr shape:	Inflated	umbilicus:	Wide	periph margin shape:	Subangular	accessory apertures:	Sutural
spiral sutures:	Strongly depressed	umb depth:	Deep	wall texture:	Coarsely muricate	shell porosity:	Finely Perforate: 1-2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Strongly depressed	final-whorl chambers:	4-4	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable

Acarinina topilensis

Taxonomy

Description

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

References:

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