pforams@mikrotax - Acarinina wilcoxensis

Citation: Acarinina wilcoxensis (Cushman & Ponton 1932)

Basionym: Globorotalia wilcoxensis

Synonyms:

Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton, 1932:71, pl. 9: figs. 10a-c [lower Eocene Bashi Fm., Hatchetigbee Group, Alabama].—Cushman, 1944:15, pl. 2: figs. 14, 15a, b [Bashi Fm., Hatchetigbee Group, Alabama].—Hamilton, 1953:231, 232, pl. 2: fig. 7 [lower Eocene, mid-Pacific guyots].—Weiss, 1955:19, pl. 6: figs. 7-9 [lower Eocene, Pale Greda Fm., north-west Peru].—Bolli, 1957a: 79, pl. 19: figs. 7-9 [lower Eocene, Globorotalia rex Zone, lower Lizard Springs Fm., Trinidad].—Berggren, 1960a:97-100, pl. 13: figs. 3a-4c [lower Eocene, Røsnaes Clay Fm., Røgle Klint, Denmark].—El Naggar, 1966:250, pl. 23: figs. 5a-c [Globorotalia velascoensis Zone, Upper Owaina Shale Fm., Egypt]. —Postuma, 1971:220, figs. on p. 221, [lower Eocene Bashi Fm., Hatchetigbee Group, Alabama].— Stainforth and others, 1975:243, text-figs. 98.1 (refigured); 98.2-5 [lower Eocene Globorotalia formosa Zone, Lodo Fm., California].
Truncorotalia ? wilcoxensis (Cushman and Ponton).— Gohrbandt, 1963:64, 65: pl. 4: figs. 1-3 [Zone F, North of Salzburg, Austria].
Truncorotaloides (Acarinina) wilcoxensis (Cushman and Ponton).—McGowran, 1968: pl.3: fig. 1 [Bashi Marl Member, Hatchetigbee Fm., Ozark Alabama].
Truncorotaloides wilcoxensis (Cushman and Ponton).— Steineck, 1971, text-fig. 5 [lower Eocene, California].
Acarinina wilcoxensis (Cushman and Ponton).—Berggren, 1971, pl. 5: figs. 4, 5 [Zone P6, DSDP Site 20C, South Atlantic Ocean]. —Tjalsma, 1977: 496, pl. 3: fig. 12 [lower Eocene Zone P6, DSDP Site 36, South Atantic Ocean].— Berggren, 1977:250, 251, chart no. 10 (literature illustrations refigured).—Lu and Keller, 1993:102, pl. 2: figs. 14, 15 [lower Eocene Zone P6, DSDP Site 577, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean].—Warraich and Ogasawara, 2001:33, figs. 8.4-6 [Zone P5, Dungan Fm., Sulaiman Range, Pakistan].
Globorotalia (Acarinina) wilcoxensis wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton.—Blow, 1979:964-968, pl. 112: figs. 4, 5 [lower Eocene Zone P7 = Zone E3 of this paper, type locality of Bashi Fm., Alabama]; pl. 113: figs. 7-9, pl. 114: figs. 1 and 6, and pl. 200: figs. 1-5 [lower Eocene Zone P7, Kilwa area, Tanzania]; pl. 122: figs. 1, 2 and pl. 199: figs. 5, 6 [lower Eocene Zone P7 = Zone E3 of this paper, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean]; pl. 132: fig. 4 [lower Eocene Zone P8b, DSDP Site 47, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean]; pl. 140: figs. 5-8 [lower Eocene Zone P8b, DSDP Hole 20C, South Atlantic Ocean].
Morozovella wilcoxensis (Cushman and Ponton).—Snyder and Waters, 1985:446, pl.10: figs. 3-5 [lower Eocene Zone P6, DSDP Site 549, north-east Atlantic Ocean].
Globorotalia berggreni El Naggar, 1966:200, 201, pl. 23: figs. 7a-c [upper Paleocene Globorotalia velascoensis Zone, Upper Owaina Shale Fm., Gebel Owaina, Egypt].
Globorotalia (Acarinina) wilcoxensis berggreni El Naggar.— Blow, 1979:968-970, pl. 112: figs. 6 and 7 [lower Eocene Zone P7, Bashi Fm., Alabama]; pl. 114: figs. 7, 9 and 10, and pl. 115: figs. 1, 2 [lower Eocene Zone P7, Kilwa area, Tanzania, East Africa]; pl. 122: figs. 3, 5 and 6, pl. 123: fig. 1, and pl. 132: fig. 5 [lower Eocene Zone P7, DSDP Site 47, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean].
Acarinina wilcoxensis berggreni El Naggar—Stott and Kennett, 1990: 560, pl. 4: figs. 5, 6 [lower Eocene Zone AP6, ODP Hole 689B, Maud Rise, South Atlantic Ocean; shown as Zone AP 8 in figure 2].

Taxonomic discussion: This taxon, described originally from the Bashi Formation (Zone P6a) of the U .S. Gulf Coast, is the stem form of the early Eocene radiation of the pseudotopilensis -quetra group. Berggren (1960a, 1968) considered that wilcoxensis evolved from the late Paleocene form Acarinina esnaensis (LeRoy), itself a senior synonym of Acarinina intermedia Subbotina, a view maintained here, while Blow (1979, p. 965) considered esnaensis a junior synonym of wilcoxensis. Acarinina esnaensis (and A. intermedia) were originally described from stratigraphic levels within/correlative to Zone P4, not the lower Eocene as implied by Blow (1979). Acarinina wilcoxensis may be differentiated from the morphologically similar esnaensis /intermedia by its larger size, more elongate/oval shaped test and more acute axial periphery.
Admittedly the holotype individuals of esnaensis and wilcoxensis (see Plates 9.11 and 9.23 of this paper) are markedly similar. However, the species concept of this taxon is based on a broader consideration of the variation exhibited by individuals from levels within Zone E3-4. The illustration of Bolli (1957a, pl. 7-9) of wilcoxensis may be taken as exemplary and demonstrates the (predominantly) subquadrate, somewhat more anguloconical character of wilcoxensis; esnaensis generally is more elongate and has a subrounded periphery in edge view.
Acarinina wilcoxensis berggreni (El Naggar) was described from Zone P5 in Egypt and said to differ from esnaensis in its “compressed test, smaller size, fewer chambers in the last whorl, subrounded to subacute periphery, much narrower umbilicus and peculiar aperture”. Blow (1979, p. 968-970) considered berggreni to be characterized by having distinctly flattened terminal chamber(s) on the spiral side, axially subangulate periphery in terminal chamber(s), and peripheral concentration (but not fusion) of muricae and to represent a transition to/morphologic link between wilcoxensis sensu stricto and quetra (with its disjunct, laterally angulate chambers). Blow (1979, p. 968) included Bolli’s (1957a) illustration of wilcoxensis (with subacute periphery) in berggreni, thus providing a clear illustration of his concept of the taxon. Blow (1979) indicated that wilcoxensis appeared only marginally earlier/lower (mid-Zone P6, = basal Zone E3) than berggreni (base Zone P7, = upper part of Zone E3), although El Naggar (1966, p. 201) indicated that the first appearance of berggreni overlapped with the terminal part of the range of Globorotalia velascoensis (i.e., within the Zone E1-E2 interval).
Stott and Kennett (1990, p. 560), on the other hand, distinguished wilcoxensis and berggreni in Maud Rise (Subantarctic) assemblages, but viewed wilcoxensis as the morphotype with greater axial angularity and flattened spiral surface (Blow, 1979). The morphologic differences between these two forms are viewed as those of degree not kind and berggreni is included in the synonymy of wilcoxensis here. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Acarinina): Moderate to low trochospire; chambers ovoid, usually 4-6 in final whorl.
Wall muricate with pustules on umbilical shoulders;
This taxon: Test (sub)quadrate, with 4-chambers in the final whorl, planoconvex, with subrounded to (later) subacute axial outline; distinctly muricate.

Description

This taxon is distinguished by its (sub)quadrate, 4-chambered (in the final whorl), planoconvex, distinctly muricate, test with subrounded to (later) subacute axial outline. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Plano-convex, elongate-oval, equatorial outline moderately lobulate; chambers subangular to low conical, inflated on spiral side; 4 chambers in final whorl, increasing rapidly in size; sutures depressed, radial, weakly curved; umbilicus narrow, deep; aperture an umbilical-extraumbilical arch, bordered by thin lip, extending almost to peripheral margin; on spiral side about 10-12 chambers in 2½ -3 whorls; chambers, lens-shaped to semi-circular, increasing rapidly in size and overlapping previous chambers; intercameral sutures depressed, curved; sutural openings (apparently caused by secondary calcification over the projecting edges of previously calcified chamber margins) present on well-preserved individuals, often obscured by thickened, hollow muricae; muricae tend to concentrate along peripheral margin but test remains non-carinate; in edge view test is planoconvex; profile of early chambers rounded, with flattening of ante- and/or penultimate chamber resulting in subacute margin; peripheral margin distinctly muricate but not carinate. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Densely muricate (both sides), normal perforate, nonspinose. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Maximum diameter of holotype 0.38 mm, thickness: 0.22 mm. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Widely distributed in (sub)tropical areas (Caribbean, Atlantic, Indo-Pacific, Tethyan/Mediterranean province); present also in austral areas of the South Atlantic (Maud Rise) and Indian Ocean (Kerguelen Plateau). [Berggren et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 summary: Low to high latitudes; based on Berggren et al. (2006b)

No data available. [Berggren et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 1 - Open ocean mixed-layer tropical/subtropical, with symbionts; based on comparison with other species of the genus.

Evolved from Acarinina esnaensis and is the ancestor of the Acarinina pseudotopilensis -quetra group. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: Uppermost Zone P5 (just below the PETM event) to Zone E5. [Berggren et al. 2006]
Last occurrence (top): within E5 zone (50.67-52.54Ma, top in Ypresian stage). Data source: Eocene Atlas
First occurrence (base): within P5 zone (55.96-57.10Ma, base in Thanetian stage). Data source: Eocene Atlas

Primary source for this page: Berggren et al. 2006 - Eocene Atlas, chap. 9, p. 320

References:

Berggren, W. A. (1960). Berggren, W. A. (1960). Some planktonic foraminifera from the Lower Eocene (Ypresian) of Denmark and northwestern Germany. Stockholm Contributions in Geology. 5: 41-108. Stockholm Contributions in Geology. 5: 41-108. gs

Berggren, W. A. (1977a). Berggren, W. A. (1977). Atlas of Palaeogene Planktonic Foraminifera: some Species of the Genera Subbotina, Planorotalites, Morozovella, Acarinina and Truncorotaloides. In, Ramsay, A. T. S. (ed.) Oceanic Micropaleontology. Academic Press, London 205-300. In, Ramsay, A. T. S. (ed.) Oceanic Micropaleontology. Academic Press, London 205-300. gs

Berggren, W. A., Pearson, P. N., Huber, B. T. & Wade, B. S. (2006b). Berggren, W. A., Pearson, P. N., Huber, B. T. & Wade, B. S. (2006). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Eocene Acarinina. In, Pearson, P. N. , Olsson, R. K. , Hemleben, C. , Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 41(Chap 9): 257-326. In, Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication . 41(Chap 9): 257-326. gs O

Blow, W. H. (1979). Blow, W. H. (1979). The Cainozoic Globigerinida: A study of the morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary relationships and stratigraphical distribution of some Globigerinida (mainly Globigerinacea). E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. gs

Bolli, H. M. (1957d). Bolli, H. M. (1957). The genera Globigerina and Globorotalia in the Paleocene-Lower Eocene Lizard Springs Formation of Trinidad. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr. , Tappan, H. , Beckmann, J. P. , Bolli, H. M. , Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin. 215: 61-82. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 61-82. gs

Cushman, J. A. & Ponton, G. M. (1932a). Cushman, J. A. & Ponton, G. M. (1932a). An Eocene foraminiferal fauna of Wilcox age from Alabama. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research. 8(3): 51-72. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research. 8(3): 51-72. gs

Cushman, J. A. (1944). Cushman, J. A. (1944). A Foraminiferal Fauna of the Wilcox Eocene, Bashi Formation, from near Yellow Bluff, Alabama. American Journal of Science. 242: 1-18. American Journal of Science. 242: 1-18. gs

El-Naggar, Z. R. (1966). El-Naggar, Z. R. (1966). Stratigraphy and planktonic foraminifera of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary succession in the Esna-Idfu region, Nile Valley, Egypt, U. A. R. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology. supplement 2: 1-291. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). supplement 2: 1-291. gs

Gohrbandt, K. (1963). Gohrbandt, K. (1963). Zur Gliederung des Palaeogen im Helvetikum nordlich Salzburg nach planktonischen Foraminiferen. Mitteilungen der Geologischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 56(1): 63-. Mitteilungen der Geologischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 56(1): 63-. gs

Hamilton, E. L. (1953). Hamilton, E. L. (1953). Upper Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Recent planktonic foraminifera from mid-Pacific flat-topped seamounts. Journal of Paleontology. 27(2): 204-237. Journal of Paleontology. 27(2): 204-237. gs

Lu, G. & Keller, G. (1993). Lu, G. & Keller, G. (1993). The Paleocene-Eocene transition in the Antarctic Indian Ocean: Inference from planktic foraminifera. Marine Micropaleontology. 21: 101-142. Marine Micropaleontology. 21: 101-142. gs

McGowran, B. J. (1968). McGowran, B. J. (1968). Reclassification of Early Tertiary Globorotalia. Micropaleontology. 14: 179-198. Micropaleontology. 14: 179-198. gs

Postuma, J. A. (1971). Postuma, J. A. (1971). Manual of planktonic foraminifera. Elsevier for Shell Group, The Hague. 1-406. Elsevier for Shell Group, The Hague. 1-406. gs

Snyder, S. W. & Waters, V. J. (1985). Snyder, S. W. & Waters, V. J. (1985). Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Goban Spur Region, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 80. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 80: 439-472. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 80: 439-472. gs

Soldan, D. M., Petrizzo, M. R. & Silva, I. P. (2014). Soldan, D. M., Petrizzo, M. R. & Silva, I. P. (2014). Pearsonites, a new Paleogene planktonic foraminiferal genus for the broedermanni lineage. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 44: 17-27. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 44: 17-27. gs

Stainforth, R. M., Lamb, J. L., Luterbacher, H., Beard, J. H. & Jeffords, R. M. (1975). Stainforth, R. M., Lamb, J. L., Luterbacher, H., Beard, J. H. & Jeffords, R. M. (1975). Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation and characteristics of index forms. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Articles. 62: 1-425. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Articles. 62: 1-425. gs O

Steineck, P. L. (1971). Steineck, P. L. (1971). Phylogenetic reclassification of Paleocene planktonic foraminifera. Texas Journal of Science. 23: 167-178. Texas Journal of Science. 23: 167-178. gs

Stott, L. D. & Kennett, J. P. (1990). Stott, L. D. & Kennett, J. P. (1990). The Paleoceanographic and Paleoclimatic signature of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in the Antarctic: Stable isotopic results from ODP Leg 113. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 113: 829-848. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 113: 829-848. gs

Warraich, M. Y. & Ogasawara, K. (2001). Warraich, M. Y. & Ogasawara, K. (2001). Tethyan Paleocene-Eocene planktic foraminifera from the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir land sections of the Sulaiman Range, Pakistan. Science Reports of the Institute of Geosciences, University of Tsukuba, Section B Geological Sciences. 22: 1-59. Science Reports of the Institute of Geosciences, University of Tsukuba. 22: 1-59. gs

Weiss, L. (1955a). Weiss, L. (1955). Foraminifera from the Paleocene Pale Greda Formation of Peru. Journal of Paleontology. 29(1): 1-21. Journal of Paleontology. 29(1): 1-21. gs

test outline:	Lobate	chamber arrangement:	Trochospiral	edge view:	Planoconvex	aperture:	Umbilical-extraumbilical
sp chamber shape:	Inflated	coiling axis:	Low	periphery:	N/A	aperture border:	Thin lip
umb chbr shape:	Inflated	umbilicus:	Narrow	periph margin shape:	Moderately rounded	accessory apertures:	None
spiral sutures:	Strongly depressed	umb depth:	Deep	wall texture:	Coarsely muricate	shell porosity:	Finely Perforate: 1-2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Strongly depressed	final-whorl chambers:	4-4	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable

Acarinina wilcoxensis

Taxonomy

Description

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

References:

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