pforams@mikrotax - Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta

Citation: Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta (Keijzer 1945)

Basionym: Globigerinoides semiinvoluta

Synonyms:

Globigerinoides semi-involutus Keijzer, 1945:206, pl. 4: figs. 58a-e (holotype) [upper Eocene, San Luis Fm., Guantanamo Basin, Cuba].
Globigerapsis semiinvoluta (Keijzer).—Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan, 1957:34, pl. 6: figs. 7a-c [upper Eocene, Navet Fm., Trinidad].—Bolli, 1957:165, pl. 36: figs. 19-20 (hypotypes) [upper Eocene Globigerapsis semiinvoluta Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad].
Globigerapsis semi-involuta (Kejizer).—Blow and Banner, 1962:125, pl. 15: figs., J-K, ?L [upper Eocene Globigerapsis semi-involuta Zone, Lindi area, Tanzania].
Globigerapsis semiinvoluta (Keijzer).—Samuel and Salaj, 1968: pl. 21: figs. 3a-c [upper Eocene Globigerapsis index Zone, Kravany, Carpathians, Slovakia].
Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta (Keijzer).—Bolli, 1972:131, pl. 5: figs. 1-27, pl. 6: figs. 1-17 [upper Eocene Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta Zone type locality, Navet Fm., Trinidad]; text-figs. 72-76 (redrawn holotype), text-figs. 77-78 (from Bolli and others, 1957); text-fig. 79 (from Blow and Banner, 1962).—Stainforth and others, 1975:223-225, figs. 83-1-2, 6 [upper Eocene, Navet Fm., Trinidad]; figs. 83.3-4 (from Bolli, 1972); figs. 83.5,7 (refigured from Blow and Banner, 1962).—Toumarkine, 1975, pl. 4: ?figs. 17, 18 [upper Eocene Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta Zone, DSDP Site 305, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean].—Toumarkine and Bolli, 1975: pl. 6: figs. 15-24 [upper Eocene Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta Zone, Possagno Section, northern Italy].— Toumarkine, 1978: pl. 5: figs. 1-14 [upper Eocene Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta Zone, DSDP Site 363, South Atlantic Ocean]; pl. 5: figs. 15-21 [upper Eocene Globorotalia cerroazulensis s.l. to Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta Zone, DSDP Site 360, South Atlantic Ocean].—Salaj, 1980: pl. 27: ?fig.11 [middle Eocene ?Zone P15, Bartonian, Dj. Fkirine, Tunisia].— Toumarkine, 1983: pl. 20: figs. 1 [upper Eocene, Menton, Southern France]; fig. 2 [upper Eocene G. semiinvoluta Zone, Contes Section, Southern France]; figs. 3-4 [upper Eocene G. semiinvoluta Zone, Possagno Section, northern Italy]; fig. 7 [upper Eocene G. semiinvoluta Zone, DSDP Site 522, South Atlantic Ocean]; figs. 8-11 (from Bolli, 1972); figs. 12-14 [upper Eocene G. semiinvoluta Zone, DSDP Site 363, South Atlantic Ocean]. —Coccioni and others, 1988: pl. 1: fig. 10 [upper Eocene Zone P15, Massignano Section, Marche, Italy]. —Premoli Silva and Spezzaferri, 1990: pl.2: figs. 4a,c [upper Eocene Zones P15/P17, ODP Hole 709C, Indian Ocean]. —Nocchi and others, 1991: pl. VI: fig. 11 [upper Eocene Zone P15, Umbria, central Italy].—Poag and Commeau, 1995: pl. 5: fig. 14 [upper Eocene Zone P15, Exmore core, Salisbury Embayment, Virginia-Maryland].
Porticulasphaera semiinvoluta (Keijzer).—Blow, 1979: pl. 27: figs. 3-4 (new name for Globigerapsis mexicana of Blow, 1969); pl. 240: figs. 9-10 [upper Eocene Zone P15, Lindi area, Tanzania]. —Molina and others, 1986: pl. 1: figs. 6a-b [upper Eocene Porticulasphaera semiinvoluta Zone, Fuente Caldera Section, south-east Spain].
?Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta (Keijzer).—Pujol, 1983: pl. 8: fig. 7, ?fig. 8 [upper Eocene Zone P15-16, DSDP Hole 516F, Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic Ocean].
Globigerinatheka cf. semiinvoluta (Keijzer).—Nishi and Chaproniere, 1994: pl. 2: figs. 19-21 [upper Eocene Zones P15-P16, ODP Hole 841B, south-west Pacific Ocean].
Globigerinoides index Finlay.—Beckmann, 1953: pl. 25: fig. 14 [upper Eocene, Oceanic Fm., Barbados]. [Not Finlay, 1939.]
Globigerapsis mexicana (Cushman).—Blow, 1969:330, pl. 27: figs. 3-4 [upper Eocene Zone P15, Lindi area, Tanzania]. —Postuma, 1971, figs. at p. 141 [Trinidad].— Raju, 1971: pl. 11: figs. 1-6 [upper Eocene, Cauvery basin, S. India]. [Not Cushman, 1925.]
Not Globigerapsis semiinvoluta (Keijzer).—Eckert, 1963:1063, pl. 7: figs. 1a-3c [upper Eocene, Schimberg Section, Swiss Alps] (= G. luterbacheri).
Not Globigerinatheka (Globigerapsis) semiinvoluta (Kejizer).—Jenkins, 1971:188, pl. 21: figs. 633-634 [upper Eocene, upper type Runangan, Port Elisabeth Section, New Zealand] (= G. tropicalis).
Not Globigerinatheka cf. semiinvoluta (Keijzer).—Miller and others, 1991:35, Appendix 1: figs. 1-8 [upper Eocene Zone P15, DSDP Site 612, western North Atlantic] (= G. tropicalis).

Taxonomic discussion: Originally described as Globigerinoides semi-involutus by Keijzer, the hyphen has been removed (ICZN, Art. 32.5) and the ending has been changed to agree in gender with Globigerinatheka (ICZN, Art. 31.2). Bolli (1957) designated hypotypes of G. semiinvoluta from the type locality (Navet Formation, Trinidad). Blow and Saito (1968a) suggested that G. semiinvoluta was synonymous with G. mexicana. However, we recognise G. semiinvoluta and G. mexicana as taxonomically and stratigraphically distinct, although transitional forms occur in uppermost Zone E13 to lowermost Zone E14. Blow (1979, p. 788) stated that G. korotkovi is taxonomically indistinguishable from G. semiinvoluta even though the former species is high spired; he also included G. lindiensis (here considered a synonym of G. tropicalis) saying it is not worth differentiating this species taxonomically from G. semiinvoluta (p. 791) as well as G. rubriformis (here G. korotkovi) that he considered as immature specimens of G. semiinvoluta (p. 813). Blow (1979) included G. semiinvoluta in the genus Porticulasphaera, emended, here considered a junior synonym of Globigerinatheka. Toumarkine (1975) attributed to G. semiinvoluta (and illustrated) two small specimens from Shatsky Rise that exhibit a very rough surface. [Premoli Silva et al. 2006]

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Globigerinatheka): Medium to large, subspherical to spherical tests; multiple secondary apertures, frequently covered by bullae.
This taxon: Test globular with very inflated enveloping last chamber. Secondary apertures large, circular, and noticeably rimmed. Short initial spire, sutures mainly indistinct.

Description

Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta differs from all the other globular globigerinathekids by its very inflated enveloping last chamber, its large and noticeably rimmed, circular secondary apertures, much shorter initial trochospire and mainly indistinct sutures. Globigerinatheka mexicana and G. semiinvoluta differ by the circular apertures with distinctive rims in G. semiinvoluta, which are not present in G. mexicana. G. semiinvoluta is distinguished from G. tropicalis by an embracing final chamber. [Premoli Silva et al. 2006]

Test spherical with a very large hemispherical last chamber embracing half or more of the earlier chambers with one to four prominent, circular, secondary apertures (commonly 3) mainly bordered by a marked rim; early chambers coiled in a low and rather short trochospire, separated by poorly visible sutures that become slightly more distinct and slightly depressed in the adult. [Premoli Silva et al. 2006]

Spinose, cancellate, thin, with a high density of pores, < 4 mm in diameter. [Premoli Silva et al. 2006]

The size of specimens is highly variable. Diameter may be up to 0.55 mm, however much smaller specimens are common especially in mid latitudes. In smaller morphotypes, the hemispherical last chamber shows much smaller or even poorly visible secondary apertures. [Premoli Silva et al. 2006]

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta is common in low latitudes, with well developed large specimens, and extends to temperate latitudes with smaller specimens. It is absent in high latitudes. [Premoli Silva et al. 2006]

Oxygen and carbon isotopic data indicate that G. semiinvoluta occupied a mixed layer habitat (Poore and Matthews, 1984; Pearson and others, 2001; Wade and Kroon, 2002, referred to as G. mexicana). [Premoli Silva et al. 2006]

Blow and Banner (1962) suggested that G. semiinvoluta evolved from G. tropicalis, a relationship that is not supported here. In the western North Atlantic (ODP Site 1052), G. semiinvoluta appears to descend from G. mexicana, a phylogeny also proposed by Bolli (1972) and Blow (1979). The distinct rimmed apertures and less depressed sutures developed in the upper middle Eocene to lower upper Eocene with transitional forms evident in uppermost E13 to lowermost E14. [Premoli Silva et al. 2006]

Most likely ancestor:
Globigerinatheka mexicana - at confidence level 3 (out of 5). Data source: Premoli Silva et al. 2006 f7.1.

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta evolved in the latest middle Eocene. The first forms occur just below the top of Zone E13 and its extinction marks the base of Zone E15. [Premoli Silva et al. 2006]
Last occurrence (top): at top of E14 zone (100% up, 35.9Ma, in Priabonian stage). Data source: zonal marker (Wade et al. 2011)
First occurrence (base): in upper part of E13 zone (70% up, 38.6Ma, in Bartonian stage). Data source: Premoli Silva et al. 2006 f7.1

Primary source for this page: Premoli Silva et al. 2006 - Eocene Atlas, chap. 7 p197

References:

Beckmann, J. P. (1953). Die Foraminiferen der Oceanic Formation (Eocaen-Oligocaen) von Barbados, Kl. Antillen. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae. 46(2): 301-412. gs O

Blow, W. H. & Banner, F. T. (1962). The mid-Tertiary (Upper Eocene to Aquitanian) Globigerinaceae. In, Eames, F. E., Banner, F. T., Blow, W. H. & Clarke, W. J. (eds) Fundamentals of mid-Tertiary Stratigraphical Correlation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 61-151. gs

Blow, W. H. & Saito, T. (1968). The morphology and taxonomy of Globigerina mexicana Cushman, 1925. Micropaleontology. 14(3): 357-360. gs

Blow, W. H. (1969). Late middle Eocene to Recent planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. In, Bronnimann, P. & Renz, H. H. (eds) Proceedings of the First International Conference on Planktonic Microfossils, Geneva, 1967. E J Brill, Leiden 380-381. gs

Blow, W. H. (1979). The Cainozoic Globigerinida: A study of the morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary relationships and stratigraphical distribution of some Globigerinida (mainly Globigerinacea). E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. gs

Bolli, H. M. (1957a). Planktonic foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 155-172. gs

Bolli, H. M. (1972b). The genus Globigerinatheka Bronnimann. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 2(3): 109-136. gs O

Bolli, H. M., Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H. (1957). Planktonic foraminiferal families Hantkeninidae, Orbulinidae, Globorotaliidae and Globotruncanidae. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 3-50. gs

Coccioni, R., Monaco, P., Monechi, S., Nocchi, M. & Parisi, G. (1988). Biostratigraphy of the Eocene-Oligocene boundary at Massignano, (Ancona, Italy). In, Premoli Silva, I., Coccioni, R. & Montanari, A. (eds) The Eocene-Oligocene Boundary in the Marche-Umbria Basin (Italy). International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy, Ancona 59-80. gs

Cushman, J. A. (1925d). New foraminifera from the Upper Eocene of Mexico. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research. 1(1): 4-9. gs

Eckert, H. R. (1963). Die obereeozaen Globigerinen-Schiefer (Stadund Schimbergerschiefer) zwischen Pilatus und Schrattenfluh. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae. 56: 1001-1072. gs O

Finlay, H. J. (1939c). New Zealand foraminifera: Key species in stratigraphy - no. 3. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 69(3): 309-329. gs

Jenkins, D. G. (1971). New Zealand Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminifera. New Zealand Geological Survey, Paleontological Bulletin. 42: 1-278. gs

Keijzer, F. G. (1945). Outline of the geology of the eastern part of the Province of Oriente, Cuba (E of 76° W.L.), with notes on the geology of other parts of the island. Publicaties uit het Geographisch en uit het Mineralogisch-Geologisch Instituut der Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, Physiographisch-Geologische Reeks, ser II,. 6: 1-239. gs

Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H. (1957b). Planktonic foraminifera of Paleocene and early Eocene Age from the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 173-198. gs

Miller, K. G., Berggren, W. A., Zhang, J. & Palmer-Julson, A. A. (1991). Biostratigraphy and isotope stratigraphy of upper Eocene microtektites at Site 612: how many impacts? Palaios. 6: 17-38. gs

Molina, E., Monaco, P., Nocchi, M. & Parisi, G. (1986). Biostratigraphic correlation between the Central Subbetic (Spain) and Umbromarchean (Italy) Pelagic sequences at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary using foraminifera. In, Pomerol, C. & Premoli-Silva, I. (eds) Terminal Eocene Events. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam 75-85. gs

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test outline:	Circular	chamber arrangement:	Enveloping	edge view:	Equally biconvex	aperture:	Biapertural
sp chamber shape:	Globular	coiling axis:	Low	periphery:	N/A	aperture border:	Thick lip
umb chbr shape:	Globular	umbilicus:	Absent	periph margin shape:	Broadly rounded	accessory apertures:	Sutural
spiral sutures:	Weakly depressed	umb depth:	N/A	wall texture:	Spinose	shell porosity:	Macroperforate: >2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Weakly depressed	final-whorl chambers:	3-4	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable

Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta

Taxonomy

Description

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

References:

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