pforams@mikrotax - Planorotalites capdevilensis

Citation: Planorotalites capdevilensis (Cushman&Bermudez 1949)

Basionym: Globorotalia (Globorotalia) capdevilensis

Synonyms:

Globorotalia (Globorotalia) capdevilensis Cushman and Bermúdez, 1949:32, pl. 6: figs. 10 (paratype), 11 (holotype, CC No. 47405) and 12 (paratype) [lower Eocene Capdevila Sandstone, Habana Province, Cuba]. —Cifelli and Belford, 1977:103, pl. 1: figs. 13-15 (holotype refigured).
Planorotalites capdevilensis (Cushman and Bermúdez).—Pearson and others, 2004:36, pl.1, figs. 22, 23 [middle Eocene Zone P11, Kilwa, Tanzania].
Globorotalia renzi Bolli, 1957a:168, pl. 38, figs. 3a-c [middle Eocene Porticulasphaera mexicana Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad].—Berggren, 1960: 53, pl. 1: figs. 16a,b [middle Eocene of Ilaro borehole, western Nigeria]. —Postuma, 1971:208, figs. on p. 209 [topotypes from Trinidad].— Samuel, 1972:194, pl. 51: figs. 5a-c [upper Lutetian, Bakony Mountains, western Carpathians].—Stainforth and others, 1975:221, text-fig. 81.1-3, 5 (topotypes) and 81.4 (holotype reillustrated).—Snyder and Waters, 1985:447, pl. 10: figs. 6, 7 [middle Eocene Zone P14 of BKSA95=(E13 of this paper), DSDP Hole 549A, Goban Spur, northeast Atlantic Ocean].
Globorotalia (Planorotalites) renzi Bolli.—Jenkins, 1971:110, pl. 9: figs. 224-226 [middle Eocene Globigerinatheka (Globigerapsis) index Zone (~/= Zone P11 of BKSA95 and Zone E9 of this paper), Te Uri stream Section, Bortonian Stage, New Zealand].
Planorotalites renzi (Bolli).—Toumarkine and Luterbacher, 1985:118, fig. 20.1a-c (holotype refigured) [O. beckmanni Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad].
Planorotalites pseudoscitula (Glaessner).—Poore and Brabb, 1977:264, pl. 7: figs. 12, 13 [Narizian Stage (stratigraphically equivalent to middle Eocene Zones P13-14), Two Bar Shale member, San Lorenzo Fm., Santa Cruz Mountains, California].—Toumarkine and Luterbacher, 1985:118, text-figs. 20.2-10 [middle Eocene O. beckmanni Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad]. [Not Glaessner, 1937.]
Globanomalina pseudoscitula (Glaessner).—Fleisher, 1974:1018, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2 [middle Eocene Zone P14 (Zone E13 of this paper), DSDP Hole 23A, Arabian Sea]. [Not Glaessner, 1937.]

Taxonomic discussion: Cifelli and Belford (1977) (re)illustrated the holotype of Globorotalia capdevilensis Cushman and Bermúdez and provided a thorough description of the taxon (including recognition that it is keeled, in contradistinction to the original description) without apparently recognizing its affinity with Globorotalia (vel Planorotalites) renzi Bolli, described almost 20 years later. Our examination of the holotype and paratype specimens of both taxa has revealed that they are, indeed, conspecific, the only difference being the slightly stronger keel development of renzi. The reticulate, pustulose/muricate surface, distinct marginal keel and slightly inflated, elevated early chambers characteristic of the younger forms of this taxon - which correspond to the renzi morphotype - can be seen on the the holotype which is here illustrated in SEM for the first time (Pl.12.4, Figs. 5-7). Blow (1979, p. 890, 898) examined types and said that capdevilensis (holotype) is a junior synonym of elongata Glaessner, while paratypes were said to be representative of G. cf. pseudoscitula which he also considered as equivalent to the earlier/older part of the pseudoscitula/renzi plexus, i.e., pseudoscitula s.s. as described here; see Blow (1979, p. 892, 898). We find no justification for separating capdevilensis from renzi, but we retain elongata as a junior synonym of pseudoscitula as was suggested to one of us (WAB) by Gohrbandt over 40 years ago (see below). [Berggren et al. 2006]

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Planorotalites): Biconvex, keeled test with densely perforate surface
This taxon: Like P. pseudoscitula but stronger pustulation and muricae, higher rate of increase in chambers, more distinct and flush to slightly raised sutures on spiral side, test flatter and more equally biconvex.

Description

Small, subcircular, biconvex, keeled test with densely perforate surface; pores become larger and test surface covered by anastomosing, elevated honeycombed network in stratigraphically younger individuals. Distinction from P. pseudoscitula is made on the basis of the following characters: stronger pustulation and muricate wall, higher rate of increase in chambers, more distinct and less depressed (essentially flush to slightly raised) sutures on spiral side and flatter, more equally biconvex test. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Test minute (generally less than 0.25mm in diameter), weakly to moderately biconvex, subcircular, very weakly lobulate; in umbilical view 6-8 subtriangular, distinctly muricate chambers, compressed/flattened along peripheral margin, gradually increasing in size, intercameral sutures distinct, straight, radial to slightly curved between earlier chambers of last whorl, sinuous in later chambers, depressed in terminal 2-3 chambers, umbilicus narrow, shallow, aperture a low, umbilical-extraumbilical arch bearing a distinct lip; in spiral view 15-18 trapezoidal, muricate chambers arranged in 2½ - 3 whorls, sutures essentially flush with test chambers, distinctly curved and limbate; early part of test strongly muricate, elevated; in edge view the test is biconvex, with imperforate keel. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Strongly muricate, normal perforate, nonspinose. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Largest diameter of holotype: length 0.17-0.20 mm, breadth 0.15-0.17 mm, thickness: 0.10 mm (Cushman and Bermudez (1949, p. 33); largest diameter of renzi holotype 0.23 mm (Bolli,1957a, p. 168). [Berggren et al. 2006]

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Widely distributed in essentially (sub)tropical regions (Caribbean, Tethys) and austral (New Zealand) regions. Not reliably reported from high austral or high latitude Northern Hemisphere locations to our knowledge. [Berggren et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 summary: Low to middle latitudes; based on Berggren et al. (2006a)

Recorded by Pearson and others (2001) (as P. pseudoscitula) with oxygen isotope ratios indicative of a shallow-water habitat, and carbon isotope ratios more depleted than co-occurring muricate species, probably owing to its small size. [Berggren et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 2 - Open ocean mixed-layer tropical/subtropical, without symbionts. Based on _¹³C lighter than species with symbionts; also with relatively light _¹⁸O. Sources cited by Aze et al. 2011 (appendix S3): Pearson et al. (2001a)

This taxon evolved from Planorotalites pseudoscitula in the late early Eocene through the development of a flatter, more lenticular and more coarsely muricate test, and the development of flush to slightly raised limbate sutures on the spiral side. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Most likely ancestor: Planorotalites pseudoscitula - at confidence level 4 (out of 5). Data source: Berggren et al. 2006, f12.1.

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: Zone E7 to E13, questionably E14. [Berggren et al. 2006]
Last occurrence (top): within E14 zone (35.89-37.99Ma, top in Priabonian stage). Data source: Berggren et al. 2006, f12.1
First occurrence (base): within E7a subzone (48.31-50.20Ma, base in Ypresian stage). Data source: Berggren et al. 2006, f12.1

Primary source for this page: Berggren et al. 2006 - Eocene Atlas, chap. 12, p. 392

References:

Berggren, W. A., Olsson, R. K. & Premoli Silva, I. (2006a). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy and phylogenetic affinities of Eocene Astrorotalia, Igorina, Planorotalites, and Problematica (Praemurica? lozanoi). In, Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication . 41(Chap 12): 377-400. gs

Bermudez, P. J. (1949). Tertiary smaller foraminifera of the Dominican Republic. Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 25: 1-322. gs

Blow, W. H. (1979). The Cainozoic Globigerinida: A study of the morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary relationships and stratigraphical distribution of some Globigerinida (mainly Globigerinacea). E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. gs

Bolli, H. M. (1957a). Planktonic foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 155-172. gs

Cifelli, R. & Belford, D. J. (1977). The types of several species of Tertiary planktonic foraminifera in the collections of the U.S. National Museum of Natural History. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 7(2): 100-105. gs

Cushman, J. A. & Bermudez, P. J. (1949). Some Cuban species of Globorotalia. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research. 25: 26-45. gs O

Fleisher, R. L. (1974a). Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera and biostratigraphy, Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 23A. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 23: 1001-1072. gs O

Glaessner, M. F. (1937a). Planktonforaminiferen aus der Kreide und dem Eozän und ihre stratigraphische Bedeutung. Etyudy po Mikropaleontologiy, Paleontologicheskaya Laboratoriya Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. 1(1): 27-46. gs

Jenkins, D. G. (1971). New Zealand Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminifera. New Zealand Geological Survey, Paleontological Bulletin. 42: 1-278. gs

Pearson, P. N., et al. (2004). Paleogene and Cretaceous sediment cores from the Kilwa and Lindi areas of coastal Tanzania: Tanzania Drilling Project Sites 1–5. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 39: 25-62. gs

Poore, R. Z. & Brabb, E. E. (1977). Eocene and Oligocene planktonic foraminifera from the Upper Butano sandstone and type San Lorenzo formation, Santa Cruz Mountains, California. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 7(4): 249-272. gs

Postuma, J. A. (1971). Manual of planktonic foraminifera. Elsevier for Shell Group, The Hague. 1-406. gs

Samuel, O. (1972b). Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene in the Bakony mountains (Hungary). Zborník geologických vied, séria Západné Karpaty. 17: 165-206. gs

Snyder, S. W. & Waters, V. J. (1985). Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Goban Spur Region, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 80. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 80: 439-472. gs

Stainforth, R. M., Lamb, J. L., Luterbacher, H., Beard, J. H. & Jeffords, R. M. (1975). Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation and characteristics of index forms. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Articles. 62: 1-425. gs O

Toumarkine, M. & Luterbacher, H. (1985). Paleocene and Eocene planktic foraminifera. In, Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. & Perch-Neilsen, K. (eds) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 87-154. gs

test outline:	Subcircular	chamber arrangement:	Planispiral	edge view:	Equally biconvex	aperture:	Umbilical-extraumbilical
sp chamber shape:	Crescentic	coiling axis:	N/A	periphery:	Imperforate band	aperture border:	Thin lip
umb chbr shape:	Subtriangular	umbilicus:	Narrow	periph margin shape:	Subangular	accessory apertures:	None
spiral sutures:	Flush	umb depth:	Shallow	wall texture:	Coarsely muricate	shell porosity:	Finely Perforate: 1-2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Flush	final-whorl chambers:	5-6	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable

Planorotalites capdevilensis

Taxonomy

Description

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

References:

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