- sorted by lineage and stratigraphically (time control age-window is: 0-800Ma)
roesnaensis group
Subbotina projecta Like S. tecta but with higher trochospiral coiling, wider, deeper, and squarer umbilicus; also the teeth are often elongate
Subbotina tecta Like S. eocaena but with more spherical chambers, a large, prominent, apertural tooth.
Subbotina jacksonensis Test globular, chambers much embracing. Final chamber reduced, projecting over and covering the umbilicus.
Subbotina corpulenta Large adult test, lobulate with moderately elevated initial spire. Chambers globular, final chamber cantilevered and directed over the umbilicus.
Subbotina eocaena Large adult test with globular, embracing, chambers. Aperture low-arched, with thin irregular lip.
Subbotina gortanii Test trochospiral, loosely coiled, with globular chambers, and umbilical aperture.
Subbotina crociapertura Chambers globular, slightly embracing. Aperture characteristically crooked, high-arched, and with prominent regular lip.
Subbotina yeguaensis Test lobulate, moderately elevated trochospire. Aperture with somewhat broad lip that tapers both anteriorly and posteriorly.
Subbotina senni Globular moderately elevated trochospiral test. Thick calcite crust covers and closes pores, and surrounds the umbilicus.
Subbotina roesnaesensis Very low trochospiral, lobulate test with 3½-4 rapidly enlarging, ovoid-shaped, loosely embracing chambers, and ruber-type wall texture.
patagonica -> angiporoides lineage
Subbotina utilisindex Like S. linaperta but with more compact coiling, more equidimensional size of final whorl chambers; lower and more umbilical aperture, with less-developed lip; also less coarsely cancellate wall.
Subbotina angiporoides Like S. linaperta but chambers more globular and final chamber usually strongly embracing, resembling a bulla and extending over the umbilicus.
Subbotina minima Like S. linaperta but chambers do not increase rapidly in size, hence outline triangular
Subbotina linaperta Test low trochospiral, globular, with 3-3⅓ chambers in final whorl. Final chamber large and compressed. Apeture highly arched, with well-developed lip. Wall texture coarsely cancellate.
Subbotina patagonica Test compact, low trochospiral, with 3-3½ rapidly enlarging chambers. Aperture arched, semicircular. Wall texture coarsely cancellate, sacculifer-type.
Paleocene species
Subbotina cancellata Test tightly coiled, compact, rounded, and slightly lobulate; 3½-4 chambers in final whorl. Aperture umbilical with broad, somewhat irregular lip. Wall coarsely cancellate on all chambers.
Subbotina hornibrooki Test compact, low trochospiral with 3½ to nearly 4 globular embracing chambers in final whorl. Final chamber reduced and directed over the umbilicus. Wall texture coarsely cancellate, sacculifer-type.
Subbotina velascoensis Test tightly coiled, subquadrate, test with compressed chambers. Final chamber much compressed, elongate, forms about half of the test and typically overhangs the earlier chambers. Aperture umbilical; thin elongate lip along part of aperture with squared-of ends. The test wall is coarsely and symmetrically cancellate, spinose.
Subbotina triloculinoides Test medium sized, lobulate, trilobate with 3-3½ chambers in final whorl, increasing moderately in size. The ultimate chamber forms up to ½ of the test. Intercameral sutures depressed, straight to slightly curved on umbilical and spiral sides of the test. Umbilicus narrow, deep, often covered by a well developed apertural lip. Aperture umbilical, slightly asymmetrical towards an extraumbilical direction. The test walls strongly cancellate, spinose.
Subbotina triangularis Test triangular in umbilical view, axial periphery broadly rounded. 3½ loosely coiled chambers in final whorl. Final chamber low oval, often smaller than the one before. Umbilicus narrow, deep, sometimes obscured by final chamber. Aperture umbilical to slightly extraumbilical, with a thin, sometimes irregular lip. Wall cancellate, spinose.
Subbotina trivialis Test small (<250µm) low trochospiral, tightly coiled with 3½ chambers in final whorl Aperture umbilical with a thin lip. The ultimate chamber is equal to, or slightly smaller than the penultimate one. The wall is weakly cancellate and spinose. The spines are set at the junctures of the cancellate ridges. The umbilicus is small and nearly closed by the tight coiling.
Subbotina sp. Specimens which cannot be assigned to established species
Taxonomy
Citation: Subbotina Brotzen&Pozaryska, 1961taxonomic rank: GenusType species: Globigerinatriloculinoides Plummer, 1926, emended.Taxonomic discussion: Most species included in this genus were originally described as Globigerina. However, they differ in having a sacculifer or sacculifer/ruber-type wall (with the possible exceptions of S. roesnaesensis n. sp. and S. crociapertura, which show transition to the bulloides-type wall). Subbotina is distinguished from Globoturborotalita by its larger size, generally more embracing chambers and more asymmetrical aperture. Subbotina was emended to include the spinose wall texture by Olsson and others (1999). In some Eocene species extensive, heavy gametogenic calcification is observed. This apparently reflects a greater range of adaptation to the water column in the Eocene although isotope data indicates that most species were thermocline dwelling forms. [Olsson et al. 2006]
Distinguishing features: Parent taxon (Globigerinidae): Wall spinose, usually with 3½-6 globular chambers in final whorl, trochospiral or planispiral This taxon: Low trochospiral, tripartite test, with 3-4 rapidly inflating, globular chambers in final whorl.
Umbilicus nearly closed by tight coiling.
Wall cancellate with spines at nodes of the ridges, +/- spine collars.
NB These concise distinguishing features statements are used in the tables of daughter-taxa to act as quick summaries of the differences between e.g. species of one genus. They are being edited as the site is developed and comments on them are especially welcome.
Description
Biogeography and Palaeobiology
Phylogenetic relationsSubbotina evolved from Eoglobigerinaeobulloides in the lower part of Zone Pα. Globoturborotalita and Globigerina have their origin in the genus Subbotina. [Olsson et al. 2006] NB Alternatively Koutsoukos (2014) suggests origin from Praemurica.
Geological Range: Notes: Base of Zone Pα to the top of O6. Plummer, 1926. [Olsson et al. 2006] Last occurrence (top): at top of O7 zone (100% up, 23Ma, in Aquitanian stage). Data source: Total of ranges of the species in this database First occurrence (base): within P1a subzone (65.25-65.72Ma, base in Danian stage). Data source: Total of ranges of species in this database
Plot of occurrence data:
Range-bar - range as quoted above, pink interval top occurs in, green interval base occurs in.
Triangles indicate an event for which a precise placement has been suggested
Neptune data: This is a higher taxon page so Neptune data is not plotted. See also: customisable plot Parent: Globigerinidae
Primary source for this page: Olsson et al. 2006 - Eocene Atlas, chap. 6, p. 125
References:
Brotzen, F. & Pozaryska, K. (1961). Foraminiferes du Paleocene et de l'Eocene inferieur en Pologne septentrionale; remarques paleogeographiques. Revue de Micropaléontologie. 4: 155-166. gs
Koutsoukos, E. (2014). Phenotypic plasticity, speciation, and phylogeny in Early Danian planktic foraminifera. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 44: 109-142. gs
Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (2006a). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Eocene Globigerina, Globoturborotalita, Subbotina, and Turborotalita. In, Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication . 41(Chap 6): 111-168. gsO
Subbotina compiled by the pforams@mikrotax project teamviewed: 8-9-2024
