pforams@mikrotax - Subbotina triangularis

pforams@mikrotax - Subbotina triangularis pforams@mikrotax - Subbotina triangularis

Subbotina triangularis

Classification: pf_cenozoic -> Globigerinidae -> Subbotina -> Subbotina triangularis
Sister taxa: S. projecta, S. tecta, S. jacksonensis, S. corpulenta, S. eocaena, S. gortanii, S. crociapertura, S. yeguaensis, S. senni, S. roesnaesensis ⟩⟨ S. utilisindex, S. angiporoides, S. minima, S. linaperta, S. patagonica ⟩⟨ S. cancellata, S. hornibrooki, S. velascoensis, S. triloculinoides, S. triangularis, S. trivialis, S. sp.

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Taxonomy

Citation: Subbotina triangularis (White 1928)

Taxonomic rank: species

Basionym: Globigerina triangularis

Synonyms:

Globigerina triangularis White, 1928:195, pi. 28: fig. l a - c Velasco Fm., Mexico].—Bolli, 1957a:71, pl. 15: figs. 12-14 [Globorotalia pseudomenardii Zone, lower Lizard Springs Fm., Trinidad]. —Shutskaya, 1970a: 104, pl. 3: fig. 5a-c [lower part Acarinina tadjikistanensis djanensis Zone, Khieu River section, Nal'ckik, northern Caucasus]; 1970b: 118, pi. 20: fig. 7a-c [Globorotalia angulata Zone, Chaaldzhin Group, Malyi Balkhan Ridge, western Turkmenia], p. 220, pi. 23: fig. la-c [lower part of Acarinina tadjikistanensis djanensis Zone, Khieu River section, Nal'ckik, northern Caucasus], p. 224, pl. 25: fig. la-c [upper part of Acarinina tadjikistanensis djanensis Zone, Khieu River section, Nal'chik, northern Caucasus] [in part, not pl. 17: fig. 14a-c (= Subbotina triloculinoides)].
Globigerina inaequispira Subbotina.—Loeblich and Tappan, 1957a: 181, pl. 52: figs. la-2c [Zone P4, Vincentown Fm., New Jersey] [in part, not pl. 49: fig. 2a-c, pl. 56: fig. 7a-c, pl. 61: fig. 3a-c (= Acarinina coalingensis), pl. 62: fig. 2a-c].
Globigerina triloculinoides Plummer.—Loeblich and Tappan, 1957a: 183, pl. 62: fig. 3a-c [Zone P4, Velasco Fm., Mexico] [in part, not pl. 62: fig. 4a-c and other illustrations of Subbotina triloculinoides]. [Not Plummer, 1926.]
Globigerina gerpegensis Shutskaya, 1970a: 104, pl. 3: fig. 3a-c [holotype; upper part of Acarinina tadjikistanensis djanensis Zone, Kachan Stage, lower Danatin Subgroup, Malyi Balkhan Ridge, western Turkmenia],
Globigerina pseudotriloba Shutskaya, 1970a:85, pl. 2: fig. 7a-c [Acarinina conicotruncana Zone, Urukh River section, N. Ossetiya, northern Caucasus], [Not White, 1928.]
Globigerina uruchaensis Shutskaya, 1970a:87, pl. 2: fig. 6a-c [holotype; Acarinina conicotruncana Zone, Urukh River section, N. Ossetiya, northern Caucasus].
Subbotina patagonica/'triangularis group Tjalsma, 1977:510, pl. 4: fig. 2 [Zone P5, DSDP Site 329/32/4: 67-68 cm], figs. 3-6 [Zone P6, DSDP Site 329/32/4: 139-141 cm; flank of Falkland Plateau, southwestern Atlantic Ocean].
Subbotina triangularis triangularis (White).—Blow, 1979:1281, pl. 91:figs.7, 9 [Zone P4, DSDP Hole 21 A/3/6: 74-76 cm; South Atlantic Ocean], pl. 98: fig. 6 [Zone P4, given as P5, Lindi area, Tanzania], pl. 107: figs. 8, 9 [Zone P4, given as P6, DSDP Hole 20C/6/3: 76-78 cm; Brazil Basin, South Atlantic Ocean]. [Olsson et al. 1999]

Taxonomic discussion: Shutskaya's (1970a, 1970b) references to pseudotriloba, triangularis, uruchaensis, and gerpegensis are all considered synonymous with Subbotina triangularis. The criteria she provided to distinguish between these forms and her text-illustrations are insufficient for consistent discrimination. Moreover, she (1970a: 104) included Bolli's illustration of G. triangularis (1957a, pi. 15: figs. 12-14) in the synonym of her new taxon, G. gerpegensis.
The distinctive spinose wall texture of Subbotina triangularis sets it apart from the trivialis -triloculinoides lineage and the cancellata -velascoensis lineage. Subbotina triangularis may be a stem form for a separate lineage that links with Eocene species, but this possibility has not been investigated. It may be linked with Globigerina praebulloides, which has a similar wall texture (compare Plate 2: Figures 14-16). [Olsson et al. 1999]

Catalog entries: Globigerina triangularis, Globigerina gerpegensis, Globigerina pseudotriloba Shutskaya, Globigerina uruchaensis

Type images:

holotype: G. triangularis

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Subbotina): Low trochospiral, tripartite test, with 3-4 rapidly inflating, globular chambers in final whorl. Umbilicus nearly closed by tight coiling. Wall cancellate with spines at nodes of the ridges, +/- spine collars.
This taxon: Test triangular in umbilical view, axial periphery broadly rounded. 3½ loosely coiled chambers in final whorl. Final chamber low oval, often smaller than the one before. Umbilicus narrow, deep, sometimes obscured by final chamber. Aperture umbilical to slightly extraumbilical, with a thin, sometimes irregular lip. Wall cancellate, spinose.

NB These concise distinguishing features statements are used in the tables of daughter-taxa to act as quick summaries of the differences between e.g. species of one genus.
They are being edited as the site is developed and comments on them are especially welcome.

Description

Diagnostic characters:

Test a somewhat loose coil of 3½ chambers in the ultimate whorl, with a narrow, deep umbilicus which is sometimes obscured by an overlapping ultimate chamber. Shape of test triangular in umbilical view, the ultimate chamber often smaller than the penultimate one, low oval in shape. Axial periphery broadly rounded. Aperture umbilical to slightly extraumbilical in position, bordered by a thin, sometimes irregular lip. The wall is cancellate, spinose with an asymmetricallydeveloped pore pattern and well developed coalescing spine collars. [Olsson et al. 1999]

Character matrix
test outline: Triangular chamber arrangement: Trochospiral edge view: Inequally biconvex aperture: Umbilical
sp chamber shape: Globular coiling axis: Low periphery: N/A aperture border: Thick lip
umb chbr shape: Globular umbilicus: Narrow periph margin shape: Broadly rounded accessory apertures: None
spiral sutures: Strongly depressed umb depth: Deep wall texture: Cancellate shell porosity: Macroperforate: >2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures: Strongly depressed final-whorl chambers: 3-3.5 N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Geographic distribution

Apparently this species global distribution in the low to middle latitudes.
has a [Olsson et al. 1999]
Aze et al. 2011 summary: Low to middle latitudes; based on Olsson et al. (1999)

Isotope paleobiology

Subbotina triangularis displays a more positive δ18O and more negative δ13C than coexisting Morozovella and Acarinina (D'Hondt et al., 1994). The species shows little change in δ18O or δ13C over a large size range (D'Hondt et al., 1994). [Olsson et al. 1999]
Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 2 - Open ocean mixed-layer tropical/subtropical, without symbionts. Based on _¹³C lighter than species with symbionts; also with relatively light _¹⁸O. Sources cited by Aze et al. 2011 (appendix S3): D'hondt et al. (1994); Coxall et al. (2000)

Phylogenetic relations

This species probably evolved from S. triloculinoides in Zone P3 by developing a more evolute coil, by increasing its test size, and by achieving a more asymmetical pore pattern with well-developed coalescing spine collars. [Olsson et al. 1999]

Most likely ancestor:
Subbotina trivialis - at confidence level 4 (out of 5). Data source: Olsson et al. 1999 f5a.
Likely descendants: Subbotina roesnaesensis; plot with descendants

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: Zone P2 to Zone P5, ? P6. [Olsson et al. 1999]
Last occurrence (top): within P5 zone (55.96-57.10Ma, top in Thanetian stage). Data source: Olsson et al. 1999
First occurrence (base): within P2 zone (62.29-62.60Ma, base in Danian stage). Data source: Olsson et al. 1999

Plot of occurrence data:

Range-bar - range as quoted above, pink interval top occurs in, green interval base occurs in.
Triangles indicate an event for which a precise placement has been suggested
Histogram - Neptune occurrence data from DSDP and ODP proceedings. Pale shading <50 samples in time bin. Interpret with caution & read these notes
Taxon plotted: Subbotina triangularis, synonyms included - Globigerina triangularis; Subbotina triangularis;
See also space-time plot :: Samples map :: Parent: Subbotina

Primary source for this page: Olsson et al. 1999 - Atlas of Paleocene Planktonic Foraminifera, p. 30

References:

Blow, W. H. (1979). The Cainozoic Globigerinida: A study of the morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary relationships and stratigraphical distribution of some Globigerinida (mainly Globigerinacea). E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. gs

Bolli, H. M. (1957d). The genera Globigerina and Globorotalia in the Paleocene-Lower Eocene Lizard Springs Formation of Trinidad. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 61-82. gs

Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H. (1957b). Planktonic foraminifera of Paleocene and early Eocene Age from the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 173-198. gs

Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Berggren, W. A. & Huber, B. T. (1999). Atlas of Paleocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. (85): 1-252. gs

Shutskaya, E. K. (1970a). Morphologic groups and descriptions of species of Globigerina and Acarinina in the lower Paleogene of the Crimea, the Caucasus Foreland, and western Central Asia. Trudy Vsesoyuznego Neftyanogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-Razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI). 69: 79-113. gs

Shutskaya, E. K. (1970b). Stratigrafiya, foraminifery i paleogeografiya nizhnego paleogena Kryma, predkavkaz'ya i zapadnoi chadsti srednei azii [Stratigraphy, Foraminifera and Paleogeography of the Lower Paleogene in the Crimea, Precaucasus and the Western Part of Central Asia]. Trudy Vsesoyuznego Neftyanogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-Razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI). 70(1): 256-. gs

Tjalsma, R. C. (1977). Cenozoic Foraminifera from the South Atlantic, DSDP Leg 36. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 36: 493-518. gs

White, M. P. (1928). Some Index Foraminifera of the Tampico Embayment Area of Mexico. Journal of Paleontology. 2(3): 177-215. gs

Subbotina triangularis compiled by the pforams@mikrotax project team viewed: 13-12-2025

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Short stable page link: https://mikrotax.org/pforams/index.php?id=100294 Go to Archive.is to create a permanent copy of this page - citation notes

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test outline:	Triangular	chamber arrangement:	Trochospiral	edge view:	Inequally biconvex	aperture:	Umbilical
sp chamber shape:	Globular	coiling axis:	Low	periphery:	N/A	aperture border:	Thick lip
umb chbr shape:	Globular	umbilicus:	Narrow	periph margin shape:	Broadly rounded	accessory apertures:	None
spiral sutures:	Strongly depressed	umb depth:	Deep	wall texture:	Cancellate	shell porosity:	Macroperforate: >2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Strongly depressed	final-whorl chambers:	3-3.5	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable