Daughter taxa (time control age-window is: 0-800Ma)
Granddaughter taxa
margaritae->hirsuta sublineage
Globorotalia hirsuta Distinguished by its thick, relatively high-spired test, 4 chambers in the final whorl, and pustulose surface.
Globorotalia eastropacia Distinct but thin peripheral keel and strongly recurved spiral sutures, lobate outline
Globorotalia margaritae Like G. juanai & scitula, but more convexly rounded spiral side and concave to flat umbilical side; more delicate peripheral keel, and in the distinctly elongate, narrower, and more strongly curved chambers on spiral side.
Globorotalia juanai Like G. scitula but periphery rounded and early chambers umbonate
scitula sublineage
Globorotalia bermudezi Like G. scitula but much smaller, has inflated chambers on the umbilical side, and a more irregularly perforated test.
Globorotalia scitula Like G. praescitula but smooth surface and subcircular outline
Globorotalia praescitula Like G. zealandica but more chambers in final whorl (4½ vs 4), increased curvature of the sutures on the umbilical side, peripheral compression, and a return to a low-arched aperture
other species
Globorotalia cibaoensis Distinguished by its biconvex test with a rounded periphery (sometimes angular or narrowly keeled in the final chamber.)
Globorotalia (Hirsutella) Bandy 1972 - invalid, this a junior homonym of the brachiopod Hirsutella Cooper & Muir-Wood 1951 (NB Under ICZN rules for homonyms a subgenus is a homonym if a genus exists of the same name)
Obandyella Haman et al. 1981 - valid, but not widley used.
Taxonomic discussion: Bandy (1972) proposed the subgenus Hirsutella for the Globorotalia scitula-Gr. margaritae-Gr. hirsuta lineage. Hirsutella includes sharp-edged to keeled forms and inflated to compressed forms. Most of the species are thin walled, with smooth and densely perforate tests (PI. 31, Figs. 1,2). Elements of the Hirsutella lineage differ from Menardella in being of smaller size and in possessing a tight, quadrate coil and long crescentic-shaped chambers on the spiral side.
Globorotalia (Globoconella) praescitula is the ancestral form for the Hirsutella lineage. During the early Middle Miocene, Gr. (G.) praescitula evolved into Globorotalia (Hirsutella) scitula in tropical to temperate areas and Globorotalia (Hirsutella) challengeri in temperate areas. Later in the Middle to Late Miocene, several taxa evolved in turn from Globorotalia (Hirsutella) scitula (Text Fig. 15). [Kennett & Srinivasan 1983]
There are significant inconsistencies in the literature regarding the hirsuta lineage. In particular:
Stainforth (1975) and Kennett & Srinivasan (1983) regard G. juanai as the senior synonym of G. praemargaritae and part of the challengeri->margaritae lineage. By contrast Stewart (2003) and Aze etal. (2011) regard praemargaritae and juanai as separate species and sugest that juanai evolved from challengeri. The more tradtional interpretation is followed here.
G. hirsuta is often indicated as evolving from directly from G. margaritae - e.g. Kennett & Srinivasan (1983), Aze et al. (2011). However, according to Wade et al. (2011) there is a 3.5Ma range gap between these two species.
Distinguishing features: Parent taxon (Globorotalia): Smooth wall; compressed chambers: This taxon: G. scitula - juanai - margaritae - hirsuta lineage
NB These concise distinguishing features statements are used in the tables of daughter-taxa to act as quick summaries of the differences between e.g. species of one genus. They are being edited as the site is developed and comments on them are especially welcome.
Description
Biogeography and Palaeobiology
Geographic distribution
Biostratigraphic distribution
Geological Range: Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: Total of ranges of the species in this database First occurrence (base): within M3 zone (17.54-19.30Ma, base in Burdigalian stage). Data source: Total of ranges of species in this database
Plot of occurrence data:
Range-bar - range as quoted above, pink interval top occurs in, green interval base occurs in.
Triangles indicate an event for which a precise placement has been suggested
Neptune data: this is a higher taxon page so Neptune data is not plotted. For the customisable plot option go to a genus page Parent: Globorotalia
Primary source for this page: Kennett & Srinivasan 1983, p. 132
References:
Bandy, O. L. (1972). Origin and development of Globorotalia (Turborotalia) pachyderma (Ehrenberg). Micropaleontology. 18(3): 294-318. gs
Haman, D., Huddleston, R. W. & Donahue, J. P. (1981). Obandyella, a new name for Hirsutella Bandy, 1972 (Foraminiferida) non Cooper and Muir Wood,1951 (Brachiopoda). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 93(4): 1264-1265. gs
Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S. (1983). Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera. Hutchinson Ross Publishing Co., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. 1-265. gs
hirsuta lineage compiled by the pforams@mikrotax project teamviewed: 14-1-2025
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