pforams@mikrotax - Morozovella subbotinae

Citation: Morozovella subbotinae (Morozova 1939)

Synonyms:

Globorotalia subbotinae Morozova, 1939:80, pl. 2: figs. 16-17 [Paleocene, Emba River, Kazakhstan.].— Luterbacher, 1964:676, text-figs. 85a-c, 86a-c, 89a-c, 90a-c [lower Eocene G. aequa Zone, Gubbio section, Bottacione Gorge, northern Apennines, Italy]; figs. 87a-c. [lower Eocene G. formosa formosa /G. subbotinae Zone, Gubbio section, Bottacione Gorge, northern Apennines, Italy]; figs. 87a-c [lower Eocene G. subbotinae Zone, eastern Caucasus, former Soviet Union].— Proto Decima and Zorzi, 1965:29, 30, pl. 3: figs. 4a-c and pl. 5: fig. 13 [lower Eocene G. rex Zone, Molinetto di Pederroba section, Treviso Province, Italy]. —Samanta, 1970:635, pl. 96: figs. 1, 2 [G. pseudomenardii /G. subbotinae Zone, Upper Marlstone, Pondicherry Fm., near Madras, Pondicherry, South India]. —Shutskaya, 1970a:119-120, pl. 13: figs. 6a-c and pl. 14: figs. 6a-c [lower Eocene G. subbotinae Zone, Churuk-Su, Bakchissarayan Stage, Kasha River section, south west Crimea]; pl. 38: figs. 9a-c [G. subbotinae Zone, Malyi Balkhan Ridge, middle Danatin Fm., western Turkmenia].—Ferrer, Le Calvez, Luterbacher and Premoli Silva, 1973:49, text-figs. 11 (2a-c; 5a-c) [G. subbotinae Zone, Ager Fm., Areny section, Tremp Basin, Catalonia, Spain].—Stainforth and others, 1975 (partim ):230, text-fig. 89 (1=holotype refigured), 5-8 (plesiotypes) [G. subbotinae Zone, Lodo Fm., Fresno Co., California]; figs. 3a-c [from Subbotina, 1953, pl. 17: figs. 13a-c refigured, as G. crassata Cushman]; not fig. 89 (2a-c) [from Subbotina, 1953, pl. 17: figs. 11a-c (refigured) as G. crassata Cushman =M. aequa (Cushman and Renz)].— Luterbacher, 1975a:72, pl. 2: figs. 2a, b [G. formosa formosa Zone, DSDP Hole 305, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean].—Luterbacher, 1975b:65, pl. 2: figs. 31-33 [Possagno section, Italy].—Murray and others, 1989:532, pl. 10.10: fig. 31 [lower Eocene Zone NP 11, Bracklesham Group, English Channel]; pl. 10.11, fig. 1 [lower Eocene Wittering Fm., East Wittering, Sussex, UK].
Globorotalia (Morozovella ) subbotinae subbotinae (Morozova).—Blow, 1979:1018-1021, pl. 102: figs. 1-5 and pl. 219: figs. 1-4 [Zone P6 , DSDP Hole 20C, South Atlantic Ocean]; pl. 111: figs. 6-8 [Zone P7, Moogli Mudstones, Kagua, Papua, New Guinea]; pl. 115: figs. 3-5 [Zone P7, Kilwa area, Tanzania]; also pl. 115: fig. 6 as Globorotalia (Morozovella) sp. specimen ex interc G. (M.) aequa lacerti Cushman and Renz and G. (M.) subbotinae subbotinae Morozova [lower Eocene, Zone P7, Kilwa area, Tanzania]; pl. 119: figs. 4-10; pl. 219: figs. 5, 6; pl. 220: figs. 1-6 and pl. 222: figs. 1-7 [Zone P7 , DSDP Hole 47.2, Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific Ocean]; pl. 127: figs. 6, 7 [Zone P8a, DSDP Hole 47.2, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean]; pl. 123: fig. 8 [Zone P8b, DSDP Hole 47.2/, Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific Ocean]; pl. 103: figs. 2, 7, 9 and pl. 223: figs. 1, 2 [Zone P6, DSDP Hole 20C, South Atlantic Ocean).
Globorotalia crassata (Cushman). —Subbotina, 1947 (partim):119, pl. 5: figs. 31-33 [lower Eocene Globorotalia ex. gr. canariensis Zone of Subbotina, 1947 = G. crassata Subzone of Zone of compressed globorotaliids of Subbotina, 1953, Assa River, northern Caucasus]; not pl. 9: figs. 15-17 [lower Eocene G. ex. gr. canariensis Zone, Khieu River section, northern Caucasus; included in synonymy of Globorotalia marginodentata Subbotina, 1953]. —Subbotina, 1953 (partim):211, 212, pl. 17: figs. 7a-c (holotype of G. subbotinae Morozova refigured); pl. 17, figs. 13a-c [Zone of compressed globorotaliids, Tarkhankut Peninsula, Crimea].
Morozovella subbotinae (Morozova).—Berggren, 1971:76 pl. 5: figs. 10, 11 [G. subbotinae Zone, DSDP Hole 20C, South Atlantic Ocean].—Berggren, 1977:239, 240 (illustrations refigured from literature).—Snyder and Waters, 1985:442, 443, pl. 9: figs. 10-12 [Zone P6, DSDP Hole 548A, Goban Spur, northeast Atlantic Ocean].—Toumarkine and Luterbacher, 1985:112, text-figs. 15: 9a-c (reillustration of holotype of G. rex Martin, 1943); 10a-c (reillustration of holotype of G. subbotinae Morozova, 1939); 11a-c (reillustration of specimen from northwest Crimea identified by Subbotina, 1953, pl. 17: figs. 13a-c as G. crassata Cushman ).—Huber, 1991:440, pl. 4, fig. 9 [Zone AP6A, ODP Hole 738, southern edge of Kerguelen Plateau, South Indian Ocean].—Lu and Keller, 1993:123, pl. 4: fig. 19 [lower Eocene M. subbotinae Subzone, ODP Hole 738C, southern edge of Kerguelen Plateau, South Indian Ocean].—Lu and Keller, 1995:102, pl. 1: figs. 11-13 [Subzone P6b, DSDP Hole 577, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean].—Basov, 1995:165, pl. 2: figs. 8-10 [M. subbotinae Zone, ODP Hole 883B, Detroit Seamount, northwest Pacific Ocean).—Bralower and others, 1995:844, fig. 2 (3,4) [Zone P4/5, ODP Hole 865C, Allison Guyot, equatorial west Pacific Ocean].—Warraich and Ogasawara, 2001:41, figs. 10.16-18 [Zone P7, Dungan Fm., eastern limb of Zinda Pir anticline, Sulaiman Range, Pakistan].
Globorotalia rex Martin, 1943:117, pl. 8: figs. 2a-c [lower Eocene Zone P6, Lodo Fm., Lodo Gulch, Fresno Co., California].—Bolli, 1957b:75, pl. 18: figs. 10-12 [G. rex Zone, Upper Lizard Springs Fm., Trinidad]. —Postuma, 1971:210, figs. on p. 211 [topotypes from G. rex Zone, locality no. M-74, Lodo Fm., Fresno Co., California].— Said and Sabry, 1964:385, pl. 2: figs. 4a-c [G. rex Zone, Upper Esna Shale, Gebel Owaina, Egypt].
Truncorotalia cf. rex (Martin) .—Gohrbandt, 1963:64, pl. 6: figs. 1-3 [Zone F, Salzburg Basin, Austria].
Globorotalia (Morozovella) aequa rex Martin.—Jenkins, 1971:101, 102, pl. 7: figs. 180-182 [G. wilcoxensis Zone, Waipawan Stage, Middle Waipara River section, NZ].
Globorotalia bollii El Naggar, 1966 (partim, not pl. 22: figs. 6a-c [same level; = M. gracilis (Bolli]):202, 203, pl. 22: figs. 5a-d [holotype from G. wilcoxensis Zone, Thebes Limestone, Gebel Owaina section, Egypt].
Globorotalia nartanensis Shutskaya. —Shutskaya 1970b:118-120, pl. 15: figs. 2a-c and 8a-c [G. subbotinae Zone, Churuk-Su, Bakhchissarayan Stage, Kacha River section, Bakhchissaray region, south west Crimea]. [Not Shutskaya, 1956.]
Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) aequa simulatilis Schwager.— Hillebrandt, 1962:134, pl. 13: figs. 6a-c; 7, 8a-c [Zone G, Reichenhall-Salzburg Basin, Germany and Austria]. [Not Schwager, 1883.]
Not Globorotalia rex Martin.—Loeblich and Tappan, 1957:195, pl. 60: figs., 1a-c [G. pseudomenardii Zone, Nanafalia Fm., Wilcox Co., Alabama; ? =M. velascoensis parva ; ?= M. acuta ].—Mallory, 1959:40, pl. 34 figs. 12a-c; pl. 42 figs. 2a-c [Ynezian-Narizian of California Coast Ranges = M. aragonensis (Nuttall)].

Taxonomic discussion: This robust morphospecies is a characteristic element of latest Paleocene and early Eocene planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. Morozovella subbotinae has had a convoluted taxonomic history. It is generally agreed by specialists that Globorotalia subbotinae Morozova, 1939 is a senior synonym of Globorotalia rex Martin, 1943 (see Berggren, 1977; Blow, 1979 for discussions). In the (former) Soviet Union this taxon was identified with (the middle Eocene) Globorotalia crassata Cushman, 1925 (see our treatment in Pearson and Berggren, Chapter 10, this volume; see also Subbotina, 1947, p. 119-121; 1, p. 211). Included in this taxon subsequently by Subbotina (1953) were forms referable to M. aequa and M. subbotinae (including the holotype reference of Morozova, 1939, of G. subbotinae) as well as forms (1947, pl. 9, figs. 15-17) subsequently (1953, pl. 18, figs. 1a-c) referred to the new taxon Globorotalia marginodentata Subbotina, 1953. Examination of a suite of specimens identified as G. crassata donated to one of us (WAB) in 1962 by Subbotina bears this out.
An enigmatic case of taxonomic affinities is provided by Globorotalia nartanensis Shutskaya, 1956. The (relatively poor) illustration of the holotype is balanced by a clear and thorough description of the taxon. The low, biconvex test, thick, blunt “spines” (=muricae) on the test surface which give the test the appearance of having a thick, “granular” test wall and the transitional characters to M. aragonensis noted by Shutskaya (1956) make it quite clear that this taxon, in its original concept, is a junior synonym of Globorotalia lensiformis Subbotina, 1953. However, Shutskaya (1972b) subsequently illustrated two morphotypes identified as G. nartanensis from the G. subbotinae Zone of the south west Crimea which are virtually identical with Subbotina’s (1953, pl. 17, figs. 13a-c) illustrations of a peripherally compressed test with development of a frilled (“marginodentate”) keel which she considered transitional between Globorotalia crassata ( =G. aequa/ subbotinae) and G. marginodentata.
Blow (1979, p. 1018-1026) has drawn attention to the close similarities between M. subbotinae (Morozova), M. marginodentata (Subbotina) and M. gracilis (Bolli). In fact he considered gracilis separated from subbotinae at the subspecies level based on the increase in chamber number (from 4½ in subbotinae to 5½-6 in gracilis), associated with the development of a
somewhat more evolute coiling-mode and more vorticiform spiral intercameral sutures in gracilis and, finally, the slightly different (shorter) stratigraphic range of gracilis. The development of a strongly dentate (fimbriate) muricocarina (marginodentata) on some morphotypes was considered little more than ecophenotypic variation within the subbotinae plexus of morphotypes, indicative of high productivity, and marginodentata was, accordingly, considered only a variant of subbotinae (cf. Berggren, 1971, who had suggested earlier that marginodentata might be synonymous with, or an ecophenotypic variant of, gracilis). [Berggren & Pearson 2006]

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Morozovella): Test typically plano-convex, chambers strongly anguloconical.
Wall strongly pustulose (muricate) on parts of spire and umbilicus. Most species with muricocarina.
This taxon: Like M. aequa but larger, with sronger muricocarina and more pronounced angulo-conical test; 4-4½ chambers in final whorl.

Description

Test relatively large (to 0.5 mm maximum diameter), planoconvex to weakly biconvex test with moderately lobulate, strongly/thickly keeled periphery; 4-4.5 chambers in last whorl, generally covered with muricae on umbilical side, spiral side relatively smooth; umbilical and spiral intercameral sutures weakly curved, tangential on spiral side yielding trapezoidal-shaped chambers; circumumbilical chamber tips weakly ornamented by muricae and surrounding deep, narrowly open umbilicus; aperture a low, umbilical-extraumbilical slit extending almost to periphery and bordered by weak lip. [Berggren & Pearson 2006]

Normal perforate, muricate, nonspinose. [Berggren & Pearson 2006]

Holotype diameter: 0.36mm; thickness: 0.20mm. [Berggren & Pearson 2006]

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Widely distributed in (sub)tropical assemblages in Atlantic, Indo-Pacific, and typical Tethyan biogeographies and as far south as 60o S in association with the early Eocene extra-tropical excursion of carinate morozovellids on the Kerguelen Plateau (Huber, 1991, ODP Site 738; Berggren, 1992, ODP Site 747; see also Olsson and others, 1999, p. 67, text-figure 24). [Berggren & Pearson 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 summary: Low to middle latitudes; based on Olsson et al. (1999)

Morozovella subbotinae has δ13C and δ18O values similar to M. velascoensis and Acarinina nitida and has more positive δ13C and δ18O than Subbotina triangularis (D’Hondt and others, 1994). Morozovella subbotinae displays a pronounced increase in δ13C with increased test size but little corresponding change in δ18O (D'Hondt and others, 1994). [Berggren & Pearson 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 1 - Open ocean mixed-layer tropical/subtropical, with symbionts. Based on very heavy δ¹³C and relatively light δ¹⁸O. Sources cited by Aze et al. 2011 (appendix S3): D'Hondt et al. (1994)

This taxon evolved from M. aequa by an increase in test size, developing a thicker, broader peripheral muricocarina and more pronounced angulo-conical test; it evolved into M. lensiformis and also gave rise to M. marginodentata and M. gracilis. [Berggren & Pearson 2006]

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: Zone P5 to Zone E5. We have found that M. subbotinae has its FAD at the top of Chron C25n at ODP Site 577 and has a short overlap in the upper part of its range with Morozovella aragonensis. Its LAD is used to denote the boundary between Zones E5 and E6 here. The premature disappearance of M. subbotinae (within Zone P6b = E4) at Indian Ocean Site 213 is ascribed to gradually increasing dissolution in the early Eocene. [Berggren & Pearson 2006]
The LAD of Morozovella subbotinae marks the base of zone E6 / top of E5 (Wade et al. 2011)
Last occurrence (top): at top of E5 zone (100% up, 50.7Ma, in Ypresian stage). Data source: zonal marker (Wade et al. 2011)
First occurrence (base): at base of P5 zone (0% up, 57.1Ma, in Thanetian stage). Data source: Berggren & Pearson (2006) f11.1

Primary source for this page: Berggren & Pearson 2006 - Eocene Atlas, chap. 11, p. 370

References:

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test outline:	Lobate	chamber arrangement:	Trochospiral	edge view:	Planoconvex	aperture:	Umbilical-extraumbilical
sp chamber shape:	Petaloid	coiling axis:	Moderate	periphery:	Single keel	aperture border:	Thin lip
umb chbr shape:	Inflated	umbilicus:	Narrow	periph margin shape:	Subangular	accessory apertures:	None
spiral sutures:	Weakly depressed	umb depth:	Deep	wall texture:	Moderately muricate	shell porosity:	Finely Perforate: 1-2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Moderately depressed	final-whorl chambers:	4-4.5	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable