pforams@mikrotax - Paragloborotalia griffinoides

pforams@mikrotax - Paragloborotalia griffinoides pforams@mikrotax - Paragloborotalia griffinoides

Paragloborotalia griffinoides

Classification: pf_cenozoic -> Globigerinidae -> Paragloborotalia -> Paragloborotalia griffinoides
Sister taxa: P. acrostoma, P. incognita, P. pseudocontinuosa, P. semivera ⟩⟨ P. kugleri, P. pseudokugleri ⟩⟨ P. mayeri, P. siakensis ⟩⟨ P. birnageae, P. continuosa, P. opima, P. nana, P. griffinoides, P. sp.

Eocene_Atlas_pl05-7_fig7-8.jpg
Eocene_Atlas_pl05-7_fig9-10.jpg
Eocene_Atlas_pl05-7_fig11-13.jpg
Eocene_Atlas_pl05-7_fig14-15.jpg
Eocene_Atlas_pl05-7_fig16-18.jpg
Eocene_Atlas_pl05-7_fig19.jpg

Taxonomy

Citation: Paragloborotalia griffinoides Olsson & Pearson, in Olsson et al. 2006

Taxonomic rank: species

Basionym: Paragloborotalia griffinoides

Synonyms:

Globorotalia bolivariana Petters, Bolli 1957a: 169, pl. 37: fig. 14a-16 [Porticulasphaera mexicana Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad]. [Not Petters, 1954.]
Subbotina bolivariana (Petters).—McKeel and Lipps, 1972:85, pl. 1, fig.1a-c [middle Eocene, Tulee Fm., Coast Ranges, Oregon]. [Not Petters, 1954.]
“Hastigerina” bolivariana (Petters).—Poag and Commeau, 1995:144, pl. 4: figs. 22, 23 [middle Eocene, Hammond core, Maryland]. [Not Petters, 1954.]
Globorotaloides wilsoni Cole.—Poore and Brabb, 1977:263, pl. 2: figs. 10-13 [middle Eocene Zone E13, Twobar Shale Member, San Lorenzo Fm., Santa Cruz mountains, California]. [Not Cole, 1927.]
Globorotalia (Turborotalia) griffinae Blow, 1979:1072 (partim), pl. 157: fig. 7 [Zone E8, KANE 9-Core 42, Endeavour seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean]; pl. 162, figs. 8-9 [Zone E8, KANE 9-Core 42, Endeavour seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean]; pl. 165, figs. 1-3 [Zone E8, KANE 9-C piston core, Endeavour seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean]. [Not Blow, 1979.]
Turborotalia griffinae (Blow).—Toumarkine and Luterbacher, 1985:127, fig. 27:18 (reillustration of Blow 1979, pl. 165, fig. 2); fig. 27:19-23 [Middle Eocene, Bou Arada, Tunisia.] [Not Blow, 1979.]. Warraich and Ogasawara, 2001:23, fig. 5: 13, 14, 18 [Zone E10-12, Kirthar Fm., Sulaiman Range, Pakistan]. [Not Blow, 1979.]
Globorotalia nana Bolli. Poore and Bybell, 1988:18, pl. 5: fig. 9 [upper Eocene, Core ACGS # 4, New Jersey Coastal Plain]. [Not Bolli, 1957b.]

Taxonomic discussion: When Blow (1979) described Globorotalia (Turborotalia) griffinae ( =Parasubbotina griffinae) he selected the holotype and some paratypes from the same sample (KANE 9 Core 42, 200 cm) from which he also illustrated Hastigerina? bolivariana (= Pseudoglobigerinella bolivariana). His case for regarding griffinae as ancestral to bolivariana is clear from the SEM illustrations of the two species (his pl. 150, figs. 1-9) as they both share a sacculifer-type reticulate wall texture. The illustration of paratypes from
other levels in KANE 9 Core 42 (his pl. 157, fig. 7, from 95 cm; pl. 162, figs. 8, 9, from 42 cm; pl. 165, figs. 1-3, from 15 cm), however, clearly differ from the holotype and paratypes of the species illustrated from the type level of the holotype. These paratypes differ in having a more coarsely cancellate, non-reticulate wall texture and a thickened, continuous apertural lip. The test is more compact and subquadrate in shape, in contrast to P. griffinae. These morphotypes are the basis for the new species, Paragloborotalia griffinoides. Toumarkine and Luterbacher (1985) and Warraich and Ogasawara (2001) also included morphotypes like these in griffinae (which were placed by them in Turborotalia, fig. 27:19-23 and fig. 5: 13, 14, 18, respectively). P. griffinoides is a common and widespread form in the Eocene and its stratigraphic range is from lower to upper Eocene. [Olsson et al. 2006]

Catalog entries: Paragloborotalia griffinoides

Type images:

holotype: P. griffinoides
paratype: P. griffinoides

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Paragloborotalia): Very low trochospiral test with low-arched umbilical-extraumbilical aperture with a thick lip; 4-5 chambers in the ultimate whorl, and a coarsely cancellate, sacculifer-type wall.
This taxon: Small, very low trochospiral, compact, subquadrate test. Aperture with a thickened continuous lip. Wall coarsely cancellate.

NB These concise distinguishing features statements are used in the tables of daughter-taxa to act as quick summaries of the differences between e.g. species of one genus.
They are being edited as the site is developed and comments on them are especially welcome.

Description

Diagnostic characters:

P. griffinoides is distinguished by its small, very low trochospiral, compact, subquadrate test, coarsely cancellate wall, and aperture with a thickened continuous lip. Parasubbotina varianta is more loosely coiled and its chambers are less embracing than in P. griffinoides, leading to a more lobulate test. In P. griffinoides, the apertural lip is more uniform and constant in thickness than in P. varianta and other species of Parasubbotina. Parasubbotina griffinae differs from Paragloborotalia griffinoides in its generally larger test size, greater number of chambers in the ultimate whorl, and high porosity, reticulate wall. [Olsson et al. 2006]

Morphology:

Test very low trochospiral, globular, subquadrate in outline; chambers globular, much inflated, embracing; in spiral view 4, occasionally 4½ globular, embracing chambers in ultimate whorl, increasing rapidly in size; sutures slightly depressed, straight; last 4 chambers make up about three-quarters of the test, ultimate chamber may be slightly reduced in size; in umbilical view 4, occasionally 4½ globular, embracing chambers, increasing rapidly in size, sutures slightly depressed, straight; umbilicus very small opening, sometimes closed off by surrounding chambers; aperture umbilical-extraumbilical, bordered by a narrow, often thickened, continuous, lip; ultimate chamber may be slightly reduced in size; in edge view chambers globular, periphery rounded, aperture a high arch extending midway onto the peripheral edge, bordered by a thickened lip.

Wall type:

Normal perforate, coarsely cancellate, sacculifer-type, spinose

Character matrix
test outline: Subquadrate chamber arrangement: Trochospiral edge view: Equally biconvex aperture: Umbilical-extraumbilical
sp chamber shape: Globular coiling axis: Low periphery: N/A aperture border: Thick lip
umb chbr shape: Globular umbilicus: Narrow periph margin shape: Broadly rounded accessory apertures: None
spiral sutures: Weakly depressed umb depth: Shallow wall texture: Cancellate shell porosity: Macroperforate: >2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures: Moderately depressed final-whorl chambers: 4-4.5 N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Geographic distribution

P. griffinoides seems to have preferred cold-water high productivity environments and is generally absent from deep-sea oligotrophic settings. [Olsson et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 summary: High latitudes, high productivity/upwelling; based on Olsson et al. (2006c)

Isotope paleobiology

Recorded (as P. wilsoni) by Pearson and others (2001) with consistently positive δ18O and strongly depleted δ13C indicating a deep planktonic habitat. [Olsson et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 4 - Open ocean sub-thermocline. Based on very light _¹³C and very heavy _¹⁸O. Sources cited by Aze et al. 2011 (appendix S3): Pearson et al. (2001a)

Phylogenetic relations

The genus Paragloborotalia arose through the development of P. griffinoides from Parasubbotina varianta in Zone P5. The close relationship of P. griffinoides and P. varianta is clearly seen in specimens from Zone E1 in the Bass River Borehole, New Jersey (Pls. 5.7 and 5.13). The two species are linked by transitional morphotypes that show a range of test morphology from the inflated, compact, subquadrate test of P. griffinoides to the more loosely coiled, less inflated test of P. varianta. [Olsson et al. 2006]

Most likely ancestor:
Parasubbotina varianta - at confidence level 4 (out of 5). Data source: Olsson et al 2006 f5.1.
Likely descendants: Paragloborotalia nana; plot with descendants

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: Zone E1 to Zone E16. [Olsson et al. 2006]
Last occurrence (top): within E16 zone (33.90-34.68Ma, top in Priabonian stage). Data source: Olsson et al 2006
First occurrence (base): within E1 zone (55.81-55.96Ma, base in Ypresian stage). Data source: Olsson et al 2006

Plot of occurrence data:

Range-bar - range as quoted above, pink interval top occurs in, green interval base occurs in.
Triangles indicate an event for which a precise placement has been suggested
Histogram - Neptune occurrence data from DSDP and ODP proceedings. Pale shading <50 samples in time bin. Interpret with caution & read these notes
Taxon plotted: Paragloborotalia griffinoides, synonyms included - Paragloborotalia griffinoides;
See also space-time plot :: Samples map :: Parent: Paragloborotalia

Primary source for this page: Olsson et al. 2006 - Eocene Atlas, chap. 5, p. 91

References:

Blow, W. H. (1979). The Cainozoic Globigerinida: A study of the morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary relationships and stratigraphical distribution of some Globigerinida (mainly Globigerinacea). E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. gs

Bolli, H. M. (1957a). Planktonic foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 155-172. gs

Bolli, H. M. (1957b). Planktonic foraminifera from the Oligocene-Miocene Cipero and Lengua formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli & E. Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin . 215: 97-123. gs

Cole, W. S. (1927). A foraminiferal fauna from the Guayabal formation in Mexico. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 14(51): 1-36. gs

McKeel, D. R. & Lipps, J. H. (1972). Calcareous plankton from the Tertiary of Oregon. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology. 12(1-2): 75-93. gs

Olsson, R. K., Pearson, P. N. & Huber, B. T. (2006c). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Eocene Catapsydrax, Globorotaloides, Guembelitrioides, Paragloborotalia, Parasubbotina, and Pseudoglobigerinella n. gen. In, Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication . 41(Chap 5): 67-110. gs O

Petters, V. (1954). Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous foraminifera from Colombia, S. A. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research. 5(1): 37-41. gs

Poag, C. W. & Commeau, J. A. (1995). Paleocene to middle Miocene planktic foraminifera of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment, Virginia and Maryland: Biostratigraphy, allostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 25: 134-155. gs

Poore, R. Z. & Brabb, E. E. (1977). Eocene and Oligocene planktonic foraminifera from the Upper Butano sandstone and type San Lorenzo formation, Santa Cruz Mountains, California. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 7(4): 249-272. gs

Poore, R. Z. & Bybell, L. M. (1988). Eocene to Miocene biostratigraphy of New Jersey Core ACGS #4: Implications for regional stratigraphy. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. 1829: 1-41. gs

Toumarkine, M. & Luterbacher, H. (1985). Paleocene and Eocene planktic foraminifera. In, Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. & Perch-Neilsen, K. (eds) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 87-154. gs

Warraich, M. Y. & Ogasawara, K. (2001). Tethyan Paleocene-Eocene planktic foraminifera from the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir land sections of the Sulaiman Range, Pakistan. Science Reports of the Institute of Geosciences, University of Tsukuba. 22: 1-59. gs

Paragloborotalia griffinoides compiled by the pforams@mikrotax project team viewed: 18-6-2026

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test outline:	Subquadrate	chamber arrangement:	Trochospiral	edge view:	Equally biconvex	aperture:	Umbilical-extraumbilical
sp chamber shape:	Globular	coiling axis:	Low	periphery:	N/A	aperture border:	Thick lip
umb chbr shape:	Globular	umbilicus:	Narrow	periph margin shape:	Broadly rounded	accessory apertures:	None
spiral sutures:	Weakly depressed	umb depth:	Shallow	wall texture:	Cancellate	shell porosity:	Macroperforate: >2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Moderately depressed	final-whorl chambers:	4-4.5	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable