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Catalog entries: Globigerina calida, Globigerina calida praecalida
Type images:
holotype: G. calida
holotype: G. calida
paratype: G. calida
paratype: G. calidaDistinguishing features: Trochospiral coiling & slightly radially elongate chambers
NB These concise distinguishing features statements are used in the tables of daughter-taxa to act as quick summaries of the differences between e.g. species of one genus.
Wall type: Spinose; Hispid [Aze 2011]
Morphology: Test low trochospiral, equatorial periphery strongly lobulate; axial periphery rounded, chambers subglobular initially, ovate, to rapidly elongate in later stages; 4 to 5 rapidly enlarging chambers in the final whorl; sutures distinct, radial, depressed; surface densely perforate, finely hispid; aperture umbilical, becoming umbilical-extraumbilical , a rather low arch with a narrow lip. [Kennett & Srinivasan 1983]
Size: >150µm
Character matrix
| test outline: | Lobate | chamber arrangement: | Pseudoplanispiral | edge view: | Equally biconvex | aperture: | Extraumbilical-peripheral |
| sp chamber shape: | Elongate | coiling axis: | Very low | periphery: | N/A | aperture border: | N/A |
| umb chbr shape: | Globular | umbilicus: | Wide | periph margin shape: | Broadly rounded | accessory apertures: | None |
| spiral sutures: | Strongly depressed | umb depth: | Deep | wall texture: | Cancellate | shell porosity: | Macroperforate: >2.5µm |
| umbilical or test sutures: | Strongly depressed | final-whorl chambers: | 4.0-5.0 | N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable | |||
In modern oceans an abundant, temperate water, species [SCOR WG138]
Geographic distribution: Tropical to warm subtropical. [Kennett & Srinivasan 1983] Low latitudes [Aze et al. 2011, based on Kennett & Srinivasan (1983)]
Isotope paleobiology: Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 3 - Open ocean thermocline. Based on light ∂13C and relatively heavy ∂18O Cited sources (Aze et al. 2011 appendix S3): this study
Phylogenetic relations: Ge. calida differs from Globigerina (Gg.) bulloides by its ovate to radially elongate chambers and umbilical-extraumbilical aperture and from Ge. siphonifera by its less involute test, lower spire, and more lobulate outline. Loose coiling of the test and well-separated chambers in the final whorl suggest a relationship with Ge. adamsi, which differs in exhibiting digitate chambers.
Ge. calida appears to have evolved from Ge. siphonifera during the Early Pliocene. [Kennett & Srinivasan 1983 - but with aequilateralis changed to siphonifera]
Molecular Genotypes (data from PFR2 database, June 2017. References: Ujiié & Lipps 2009; Ujiié et al. 2012; Weiner et al. 2015) .
Most likely ancestor: Globigerinella siphonifera - at confidence level 3 (out of 5). Data source: Kennett & Srinivasan 1983, fig. 26.
Likely descendants: Globigerinella adamsi;
Geological Range:
Notes: Bolli & Premoli Silva 1973 recorded the FAD of G. calida calida as a useful event in the Late Pleistocene, this was confirmed by Chapronniere et al. 1994. Based on this Wade et al. (2011) included it as an additional event. However this requires separation of G. calida from G. praecalida which do not do here as G. calida is not recognised in the modern plankton.
Last occurrence (top): Extant Data source: present in the plankton (SCOR WG138)
First occurrence (base): in upper part of N19 zone (64% up, 4.7Ma, in Zanclean stage). Data source: Kennet & Srinivasan 1983
Plot of occurrence data:
Primary source for this page: Kennett & Srinivasan 1983, p.240
Aze, T. et al. (2011). A phylogeny of Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminifera from fossil data. Biological Reviews. 86: 900-927. gs Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S. (1983). Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera. Hutchinson Ross Publishing Co., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. 1-265. gs Lam, A. & Leckie, R. M. (2020). Late Neogene and Quaternary diversity and taxonomy of subtropical to temperate planktic foraminifera across the Kuroshio Current Extension, northwest Pacific Ocean. Micropaleontology. 66(3): 177-268. gs Loeblich, A. & Tappan, H. (1994). Foraminifera of the Sahul shelf and Timor Sea. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 31: 1-661. gs V O Parker, F. L. (1962). Planktonic foraminiferal species in Pacific sediments. Micropaleontology. 8(2): 219-254. gs Saito, T., Thompson, P. R. & Breger, D. (1976). Skeletal ultra-microstructure of some elongate-chambered planktonic foraminifera and related species. In, Takayanagi, Y. & Saito, T. (eds) Progress in Micropaleontology, Special Publication. Micropaleontology Press, The American Museum of Natural History, New York 278-304. gs Ujiié, Y. & Lipps, J. H. (2009). Cryptic diversity in planktonic foraminifera in the northwest Pacific ocean. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 39: 145-154. gs Ujiié, Y., Asami, T., de Garidel-Thoron, T., Liu, H., Ishitani, Y. & de Vargas, C. (2012). Longitudinal differentiation among pelagic populations in a planktic foraminifer. Ecology and Evolution. 2: 1725-1737. gs V O Wade, B. S., Pearson, P. N., Berggren, W. A. & Pälike, H. (2011). Review and revision of Cenozoic tropical planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and calibration to the geomagnetic polarity and astronomical time scale. Earth-Science Reviews. 104: 111-142. gs Weiner, A. K. M., Weinkauf, M. F. G., Kurasawa, A., Darling, K. F. & Kucera, M. (2015). Genetic and morphometric evidence for parallel evolution of the Globigerinella calida morphotype. Marine Micropaleontology. 114: 19-35. gsReferences:
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Globigerinella calida compiled by the pforams@mikrotax project team viewed: 22-4-2021
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