Distinguishing features: Parent taxon (hirsuta lineage): G. scitula - juanai - margaritae - hirsuta lineage This taxon: Distinguished by its thick, relatively high-spired test, 4 chambers in the final whorl, and pustulose surface.
NB These concise distinguishing features statements are used in the tables of daughter-taxa to act as quick summaries of the differences between e.g. species of one genus. They are being edited as the site is developed and comments on them are especially welcome.
Description
Morphology: Test large, high trochospiral,highly convex on spiral side, concave on umbilical side, equatorial periphery ovate weakly lobu- late, axial periphery biconvex, strongly tumid on spiral side; four chambers in the final whorl, increasing rapidly in size; sutures on spiral side strongly curved, depressed, on umbilical side sinuously radial , depressed; surface covered with pustular projections, concealed on early chambers by secondary thickening , finely perforate; umbilicus narrow, deep; aperture a low slit with an indistinct lip, interiomarginal, extraumbilical-umbilical. [Kennett & Srinivasan 1983] Wall type:
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Non-spinose; Smooth [Aze 2011] Size: >250µm
Character matrix
test outline:
Lobate
chamber arrangement:
Trochospiral
edge view:
Equally biconvex
aperture:
Umbilical-extraumbilical
sp chamber shape:
Crescentic
coiling axis:
Low
periphery:
N/A
aperture border:
Thin lip
umb chbr shape:
Subtriangular
umbilicus:
Narrow
periph margin shape:
Subangular
accessory apertures:
None
spiral sutures:
Flush
umb depth:
Shallow
wall texture:
Smooth
shell porosity:
Macroperforate: >2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:
Weakly depressed
final-whorl chambers:
4-4
N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable
Biogeography and Palaeobiology
Geographic distribution Low to middle latitudes [Aze et al. 2011, based on Kennett & Srinivasan (1983)]
In modern oceans an abundant, temperate water, species [SCOR WG138]
Isotope paleobiologyAze et al. 2011 ecogroup 4 - Open ocean sub-thermocline. Based on comparison with other species of the genus Phylogenetic relationsThis species evolved from G. (H.) margaritae in the Late Pliocene by a reduction in the chamber number in the final whorl from 5 to 4 and by becoming strongly concave on the umbilical side and developing a pustulose surface (Banner and Blow, 1967; Parker, 1973). [Kennett & Srinivasan 1983]
Molecular Genotypes recognised (data from PFR2 database, June 2017), one genotype only from 79 sequences. References: André et al. 2014; Ujiié & Lipps 2009.
Most likely ancestor:Globorotalia eastropacia - at confidence level 1 (out of 5). Data source: Published sources (Kennett & Srinivasan 1983, fig 15; Stewart 2003 fig. 6.10; Aze et al. 2011, appendix 5) indicate G. margaritae as the ancestor of G. hirsuta, however on modern species concepts there is a range gap of >3Ma between the top of G. margaritae and the base of G. hirsuta, both of which are well-calibrate biostratigraphic events. So an alternative of ancestry from G. theyeri is indicated here. .
Biostratigraphic distribution
Geological Range: Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: present in the plankton (SCOR WG138) First occurrence (base): in lower part of PT1b subzone (26% up, 0.5Ma, in Ionian stage). Data source: Wade et al. (2011), additional event; position within zone determined by linear interpolation from data in table 1 of Wade et al. (2011).
Plot of occurrence data:
Range-bar - range as quoted above, pink interval top occurs in, green interval base occurs in.
Triangles indicate an event for which a precise placement has been suggested
Histogram - Neptune occurrence data from DSDP and ODP proceedings. Pale shading <50 samples in time bin. Interpret with caution & read these notes
Primary source for this page: Kennett & Srinivasan 1983, p.138
References:
Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. (1960a). Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research. 11: 1-41. gsO
d'Orbigny, A. (1839b). Foraminifères des Iles Canaries. In, Barker-Webb, P. & Berthelot, S. (eds) Histoire naturelle des Iles Canaries. 120-146. gs
Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S. (1983). Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera. Hutchinson Ross Publishing Co., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. 1-265. gs
Lam, A. & Leckie, R. M. (2020a). Late Neogene and Quaternary diversity and taxonomy of subtropical to temperate planktic foraminifera across the Kuroshio Current Extension, northwest Pacific Ocean. Micropaleontology. 66(3): 177-268. gs
Loeblich, A. & Tappan, H. (1994). Foraminifera of the Sahul shelf and Timor Sea. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 31: 1-661. gsO
Norris, R. D. (1998). Planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy: Eastern Equatorial Atlantic. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 159: 445-479. gsO
Siccha, M. & Kucera, M. (2017). ForCenS, a curated database of planktonic foraminifera census counts in marine surface sediment samples. Scientific Data. 4(1): 1-12. gs
Ujiié, Y. & Lipps, J. H. (2009). Cryptic diversity in planktonic foraminifera in the northwest Pacific ocean. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 39: 145-154. gs
Globorotalia hirsuta compiled by the pforams@mikrotax project teamviewed: 10-12-2023
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