pforams@mikrotax - Trilobatus trilobus

Citation: Trilobatus trilobus (Reuss 1850)

Basionym: Globigerina triloba Reuss 1850

Synonyms:

Globigerina triloba Reuss, 1850:374, pl. 47, figs. 11a-e [middle Miocene, Bega Basin, Transylvania, Romania].
Globigerinoides triloba Kennett and Srinivasan, 1983:62, pl. 10, fig. 4; pl. 13, figs. 1-3 [lower Miocene Zone N8, DSDP Site 289, Ontong Java Plateau, western equatorial Pacific Ocean].
Globigerinoides trilobus Spezzaferri, 1994:37, pl. 13, figs. 1a-c; [lower Miocene Subzone N4b, DSDP Hole 516F, eastern South Atlantic Ocean], pl. 15, figs. 6a-c [lower Miocene, Subzone N4b, DSDP Site 98, North Atlantic Ocean].— Rögl, 2012:181-183, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2 (neotype) [middle Miocene, Badenian, Wieliczka near Krakov, Poland], pl. 1, fig. 3 [middle Miocene, lower Badenian Felso Lapugy, Siebenbürgen, Lapugiu de Sus, Bega Basin, Transylvania, Romania], pl. 1, figs. 4-8 [middle Miocene, Upper Lagenidae Zone, Badenian old brickyard, Austria], pl. 2, figs. 1, 2 [middle Miocene Badenian, Wieliczka near Krakov, Poland], pl. 2, figs. 5, 6 [middle Miocene Zone, of agglutinated foraminifera, Nussdorf, Grünes Kreuz, Austria], pl. 2, figs. 7-9 [middle Miocene lower Badenian Felso Lapugy, Siebenbürgen, Lapugiu de Sus, Bega Basin, Transylvania, Romania].

Variants:

Globigerinoides quadrilobatus (d'Orbigny 1846) (3½-4 chambers in final whorl)
Globigerinoides immaturus LeRoy 1939 (much less dominant final chamber)
Globigerinoides trilobus bullatus Chang 1962 (with bulla)

Taxonomic discussion:

There is little consensus on how many species to recognise within this group. In the modern ocean the sacculifer, quadrilobatus, immaturus and trilobus test morphotypes are all produced by the same species (André et al. 2013), and so are no longer separated by biologists. They are, however, used by palaeontologists including Spezzaferri et al. (2018) and Poole & Wade (2019) [editor's comment - JRY 2018]

Originally described as Globigerina triloba, this form was attributed for the first time to the genus Globigerinoides by Coryell and Mossmann (1942). The evolution of T. trilobus to Orbulina was proposed by Cushman and Dorsey (1940) and successively Blow (1956), Jenkins (1968) and Pearson and Chaisson (1997) described the evolutionary steps in detail. See T. immaturus for the discussion of previously proposed phylogenetic relationships (e.g. Kennett and Srinivasan, 1983).

All specimens of T. trilobus identified by Reuss and stored at the Natural History Museum of Vienna do have a number but the catalogue to the numbers is missing. Since it was not possible to identify the holotype from the Reuss’ drawings, Rögl (2012) designated a neotype.

At the beginning of its range in Zone M1 this species displays a more ovate profile than younger Miocene specimens, when it becomes more compact, and rectangular. Based on data from the fossil record, and the molecular clock, Aurahs and others (2011) suggested a phylogenetic relationship between T. primordius and T. trilobus.

[Spezzaferri et al. 2018]

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Trilobatus): Supplementary apertures and cancellate wall.
This taxon: 3 globular chambers in the last whorl, slit-like aperture

Description

Low trochospiral, consisting of about 3 whorls, subrectangular, compact to slightly lobate in outline; 3 subspherical chambers in the last whorl, increasing rapidly in size. The embracing last chamber generally comprises half of the test. Sutures depressed, straight on both sides, umbilicus concealed. Primary aperture an umbilical-extraumbilical elongated slit. Supplementary aperture is an irregular slit along the spiral suture. [Spezzaferri et al. 2018]

Normal perforate, spinose, sacculifer-type wall. [Spezzaferri et al. 2018]

Neotype maximum length 0.35 mm and maximum width 0.26 mm. [Spezzaferri et al. 2018]

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Very abundant in the tropics (Bé and Tolderlund, 1971) but present also at middle latitudes. [Spezzaferri et al. 2018]Map of distribution from ForCenS database

Pearson and others (1997) indicate for this species mixed-layer habitat with symbiotic associations. Experiments summarized by Hemleben and others (1989) identified for T. trilobus a temperature tolerance of 14–31°C. [Spezzaferri et al. 2018]

Trilobatus trilobus evolved from T. immaturus in Subzone M1a. [Spezzaferri et al. 2018]

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: Lower Miocene upper part of Subzone M1a (Spezzaferri, 1994) to Recent. The base occurrence of T. trilobus s.l. is calibrated to 23.73 Ma (Wade and others, 2011), however, it is here retained for T. immaturus (see stratigraphic range of T. immaturus, this chapter). [Spezzaferri et al. 2018]
Last occurrence (top): Non-extinct palaeontological taxon. Data source: Brummer & Kucera 2022: The morphotype occurs at the present day but is formed by the species T. sacculifer, so this taxon is not used by biologists
First occurrence (base): within M1a subzone (22.44-22.96Ma, base in Aquitanian stage). Data source: Spezzaferri et al. 2018

Primary source for this page: Spezzaferri et al. 2018 - Olig Atlas chap.9 p.300; Kennett & Srinivasan 1983 p 62

References:

André, A., Weiner, A., Quillévéré, F., Aurhas, R., Morard, R. & Douady, C. (2013). The cryptic and the apparent reversed: lack of genetic differentiation within the morphologically diverse plexus of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer. Paleobiology. 39: 21-39. gs

Aurahs, R., Treis, Y., Darling, K. & Kucera, M. (2011). A revised taxonomic and phylogenetic concept for the planktonic foraminifer species Globigerinoides ruber based on molecular and morphometric evidence. Marine Micropaleontology. 79: 1-14. gs

Bé, A. W. H. & Tolderlund, D. S. (1971). Distribution and ecology of living planktonic foraminifera in surface waters of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In, Funnell, B. M. & Riedel, W. R. (eds) Micropaleontology of Oceans. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK 105-149. gs

Blow, W. H. (1956). Origin and evolution of the foraminiferal genus Orbulina d'Orbigny. Micropaleontology. 2(1): 57-70. gs

Brummer, G-J. A. & Kucera, M. (2022). Taxonomic review of living planktonic foraminifera. Journal of Micropalaeontology. 41: 29-74. gs

Coryell, H. H. & Mossmann, R. W. (1942). Foraminifera from the Charco Azul Formation, Pliocene, of Panama. Journal of Paleontology. 16: 233-246. gs

Cushman, J. A. & Dorsey, A. L. (1940). Some Notes on the Genus Candorbulina. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research. 16(2): 40-42. gs

Hemleben, C., Spindler, M. & Anderson, O. (1989). Modern Planktonic Foraminifera. Springer-Verlag, New York. -. gs

Jenkins, D. G. (1965c). The origin of the species Globigerinoides trilobus (Reuss) in New Zealand. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research. 16(3): 116-120. gs

Jenkins, D. G. (1968). Acceleration of the evolutionary rate in the Orbulina lineage. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research. 19(4): 133-140. gs

Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S. (1983). Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera. Hutchinson Ross Publishing Co., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. 1-265. gs

Loeblich, A. & Tappan, H. (1994). Foraminifera of the Sahul shelf and Timor Sea. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 31: 1-661. gs O

Pearson, P. N., Shackleton, N. J. & Hall, M. A. (1997a). Stable isotopic evidence for the sympatric divergence of Globigerinoides trilobus and Orbulina universa (planktonic foraminifera). Journal of the Geological Society of London. 154: 295-302. gs

Poole, C. R. & Wade, B. S. (2019). Systematic taxonomy of the Trilobatus sacculifer plexus and descendant Globigerinoidesella fistulosa (planktonic foraminifera). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 1-42. gs

Postuma, J. A. (1971). Manual of planktonic foraminifera. Elsevier for Shell Group, The Hague. 1-406. gs

Reuss, A. E. (1850). Neue Foraminiferen aus den Schichten des Osterreichischen Tertiarbeckens. Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien. 1: 365-390. gs O

Rögl, F. (2012). Globigerina triloba Reuss 1850 – Designation of a neotype. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. 114: 179-191. gs

Siccha, M. & Kucera, M. (2017). ForCenS, a curated database of planktonic foraminifera census counts in marine surface sediment samples. Scientific Data. 4(1): 1-12. gs

Spezzaferri, S. (1994). Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and taxonomy of the Oligocene and lower Miocene in the oceanic record. An overview. Palaeontographia Italica. 81: 1-187. gs

Spezzaferri, S., Olsson, R. K. & Hemleben, C. (2018c). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene to Lower Miocene Globigerinoides and Trilobatus. In, Wade, B. S., Olsson, R. K., Pearson, P. N., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Oligocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication . 46(Chap 9): 269-306. gs

Wade, B. S., Pearson, P. N., Berggren, W. A. & Pälike, H. (2011). Review and revision of Cenozoic tropical planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and calibration to the geomagnetic polarity and astronomical time scale. Earth-Science Reviews. 104: 111-142. gs

test outline:	Lobate	chamber arrangement:	Trochospiral	edge view:	Equally biconvex	aperture:	Umbilical
sp chamber shape:	Globular	coiling axis:	Low-moderate	periphery:	N/A	aperture border:	-
umb chbr shape:	Globular	umbilicus:	Wide	periph margin shape:	Broadly rounded	accessory apertures:	Sutural
spiral sutures:	Moderately depressed	umb depth:	Deep	wall texture:	Cancellate	shell porosity:	Macroperforate: >2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Strongly depressed	final-whorl chambers:	3-3	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable

Trilobatus trilobus

Taxonomy

Description

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

References:

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