pforams@mikrotax - Catapsydrax indianus

Citation: Catapsydrax indianus Spezzaferri & Pearson, 2009

Basionym: Catapsydrax indianus Spezzaferri & Pearson, 2009

Synonyms:

Catapsydrax dissimilis ciperoensis (Blow and Banner) 1962.—Fleisher, 1974:1015, pl. 4, fig. 4, [upper Oligocene Zone P22, DSDP Site 223, Arabian Sea, northern Indian Ocean]. [Not Blow & Banner 1962.]
Catapsydrax dissimilis (Cushman and Bermúdez) subsp. 1, Molina, 1979:289, pl. 25, figs. 3a–d. [upper Oligocene/lower Miocene Globigerinoides primordius Zone (Globorotalia (Turborotalia) semivera subzone), central Betic Cordilleras Béticas, Spain]. [Not Cushman and Bermúdez, 1937.]
Globorotaloides sp. 2, Premoli Silva and Spezzaferri, 1990: pl. 34, figs. 4a-b, [lower Miocene Zone N4, ODP Hole 709B, equatorial Indian Ocean].
Catapsydrax indianus Spezzaferri and Pearson, 2009:114, pl. 1, figs. 1a–3c [lower Miocene Zone M1, ODP Hole 709B, Mascarene Plateau, Indian Ocean].—Stewart and others, 2012:85, pl. 2, fig. 6a [lower Miocene Zone M1, ODP Hole 925A, Ceara Rise, equatorial Atlantic Ocean].

Taxonomic discussion:

Catapsydrax indianus represents an extreme end member in the trend for bulla extension and increased numbers of accessory (infralaminal) openings seen in Oligocene to Miocene catapsydracids. This distinctive taxon is a useful guide fossil in the Indian Ocean for the Oligocene/Miocene boundary interval (Spezzaferri and Pearson, 2009). Note that the figured specimens from ODP Site 709 are recrystallized, as shown by replacement of the original cancellate wall structure with euhedral crystals (Pl. 4.2, Fig. 8). [Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018]

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Catapsydrax): Like Globorotaloides but more compact, radially compressed, with appressed inflated chambers in the final whorl, and always with bulla
This taxon: Like C. dissimilis but more globular form, bulla lobed, and with 4-5 infralaminal accessory apertures.

Description

This species differs from Catapsydrax dissimilis and Catapsydrax unicavus in the more globular form, the lobed and/or two part morphology of the bulla and the possession of 4-5 infralaminal accessory apertures. It differs from Globorotaloides stainforthi, which also has multiple infralaminal apertures, in the globular subspherical shape of the test. [Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018]

Globular, globigeriniform coiling mode with a moderately high trochospire consisting of about 2½-3 whorls. Profile subcircular with a rounded to slightly lobed peripheral margin. Early ontogenetic whorl, comprising 4½-5 chambers, is typically raised slightly above the adult whorl; final adult whorl consists of 3½-4 subspherical chambers, gradually increasing in size. Sutures straight, depressed on the umbilical side; moderately depressed and slightly curved on the spiral side.

The umbilicus is moderately deep and covered by a bulla in adult specimens. The primary aperture is a small and semicircular low umbilical arch, visible only when the bulla is broken or missing. The bulla has multiple lobes and may consist of two parts (Plate 4.2, Fig. 6). Around the bulla are 4-5 often arched infralaminal apertures bordered by weak rims; four of these apertures open over the sutures with one usually opening over the central part of the antepenultimate chamber; size of accessory apertural openings over the antepenultimate is variable (see Plate 4.2).

[Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018] [Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018]

Strongly cancellate, with hexagonal pores located in deep pore pits, sacculifer-type to ruber/sacculifer-type; evidence for a gametogenic calcite crust. Although evidence for spines has not been observed in the studied specimens, Olsson and others (2006a) regarded the genus Catapsydrax as probably spinose. Generally, the bulla is less coarsely cancellate than the rest of the test.

Maximum diameter of holotype ~0.38 mm, thickness ~0.38 mm. Tests may be medium to large but are commonly large. [Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018]

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Global, low to mid-latitudes (Spezzaferri and Pearson, 2009). [Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018]

Catapsydrax indianus registers among the most positive δ18O values of assemblages and lowest δ13C indicating it was a sub-thermocline calcifier (Spezzaferri and Pearson, 2009). [Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018]

Catapsydrax indianus evolved from Catapsydrax dissimilis (Spezzaferri and Pearson, 2009). [Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018] [Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018]

Most likely ancestor:
Catapsydrax dissimilis - at confidence level 4 (out of 5). Data source: Spezzaferri and Pearson, 2009; Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018.

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: It ranges from the lower third of upper Oligocene Zone P22 (= O6) to lower Miocene Zone N5 of Blow (1979) (Spezzaferri and Pearson, 2009), which is equivalent to Zone M2/M3 of Wade and others (2011). [Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018]
Last occurrence (top): within M2 zone (19.30-21.12Ma, top in Burdigalian stage). Data source: Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018 f4.1
First occurrence (base): within O6 zone (25.21-26.93Ma, base in Chattian stage). Data source: Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018 f4.1

Primary source for this page: Coxall & Spezzaferri 2018 - Olig Atlas chap.4 p.87

References:

Blow, W. H. & Banner, F. T. (1962). The mid-Tertiary (Upper Eocene to Aquitanian) Globigerinaceae. In, Eames, F. E., Banner, F. T., Blow, W. H. & Clarke, W. J. (eds) Fundamentals of mid-Tertiary Stratigraphical Correlation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 61-151. gs

Blow, W. H. (1979). The Cainozoic Globigerinida: A study of the morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary relationships and stratigraphical distribution of some Globigerinida (mainly Globigerinacea). E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. gs

Coxall, H. K. & Spezzaferri, S. (2018). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene Catapsydrax, Globorotaloides, and Protentelloides. In, Wade, B. S., Olsson, R. K., Pearson, P. N., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Oligocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication . 46(Chap 4): 79-124. gs

Cushman, J. A. & Bermudez, P. J. (1937). Further new species of foraminifera from the Eocene of Cuba. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research. 13(1): 1-29. gs

Fleisher, R. L. (1974a). Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera and biostratigraphy, Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 23A. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 23: 1001-1072. gs O

Molina, E. (1979). Oligoceno-Mioceno inferior por media de foraminiferos planctonicos en el sector central de las Cordilleraa Beticas Espana (Tesis doctoral). . 1-342. gs

Olsson, R. K., Pearson, P. N. & Huber, B. T. (2006c). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Eocene Catapsydrax, Globorotaloides, Guembelitrioides, Paragloborotalia, Parasubbotina, and Pseudoglobigerinella n. gen. In, Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication . 41(Chap 5): 67-110. gs O

Premoli Silva, I. & Spezzaferri, S. (1990). Paleogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental remarks on paleogene sediments from Indian Ocean sites, Leg 115. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 115: 277-314. gs

Spezzaferri, S. & Pearson, P. N. (2009). Distribution and ecology of Catapsydrax indianus, a new planktonic foraminifer index species for the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 39(2): 112-119. gs

Stewart, J. A., Wilson, P. A., Edgar, K. M., Anand, P. & R. H. , J. (2012). Geochemical assessment of the palaeoecology, ontogeny, morphotypic variability and palaeoceanographic utility of “Dentoglobigerina” venezuelana. Marine Micropaleontology. 84-85: 74-86. gs

Wade, B. S., Pearson, P. N., Berggren, W. A. & Pälike, H. (2011). Review and revision of Cenozoic tropical planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and calibration to the geomagnetic polarity and astronomical time scale. Earth-Science Reviews. 104: 111-142. gs

test outline:	Lobate	chamber arrangement:	Trochospiral	edge view:	Equally biconvex	aperture:	Umbilical
sp chamber shape:	Globular	coiling axis:	Low	periphery:	N/A	aperture border:	Bulla
umb chbr shape:	Globular	umbilicus:	Narrow	periph margin shape:	Broadly rounded	accessory apertures:	Infralaminal
spiral sutures:	Weakly depressed	umb depth:	Deep	wall texture:	Cancellate	shell porosity:	Finely Perforate: 1-2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Weakly depressed	final-whorl chambers:	3.5-4	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable

Catapsydrax indianus

Taxonomy

Description

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

References:

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