pforams@mikrotax - Astrorotalia palmerae

Citation: Astrorotalia palmerae (Cushman & Bermudez 1937)

Synonyms:

Globorotalia palmerae Cushman and Bermúdez, 1937:26, pl. 2: figs. 51-53 [lower Eocene Capdevila Fm., Havana Province, Cuba].—Cushman and Bermúdez, 1949:31, 32, pl. 6: figs. 4-6 [topotypes from the Capdevila Fm., Havana Province, Cuba].— Bolli, 1957a:166, pl. 38: fig. 2 [lower Eocene Globorotalia palmerae Zone, Navet Fm., core at 9,386'-9405', TTOC 228911, Trinidad).—Bermúdez, 1961:1297, pl. 16: figs. 1a-b [Capdevila Fm., Arroyo Naranjo, Habana, Cuba].—Schmidt and Raju, 1973:177, pl. 1: figs. 5a-c; pl. 2: figs. 5,6, 9,10 [lower Eocene Globorotalia palmerae Zone, Cauvery Basin, southern India].—Martinez-Gallego, 1973:71, pl. 1: figs. 1-9 [lower Eocene Globorotalia palmerae Zone, Betic Cordillera, Spain].—Stainforth and others, 1975:212, text-figs. 72.1 (reillustration of Bolli (1957a) from Navet Fm., Trinidad); 72.2-5 [lower Eocene Globorotalia pentacamerata Zone, Cuba].
Pararotalia? palmerae Cushman and Bermúdez, 1949:1388, pl. 264: figs. 1-9 [lower Eocene Zone P9, Langley Fm., Jamaica].
Globorotalia (Planorotalites) palmerae Cushman and Bermúdez.—Hillebrandt, 1976: 346, pl. 3: figs. 1-3, 5,6 [lower Eocene Globorotalia palmerae Zone, Agost, Alicante Province, Spain].
Globorotalia (Planorotalites) cf. palmerae Cushman and Bermúdez.—Hillebrandt, 1976:346, pl. 3: fig. 4 [lower Eocene, Globorotalia palmerae Zone, Agost, Alicante, Spain; individual transitional between G. pseudoscitula-G. palmerae].
Planorotalites palmerae (Cushman and Bermúdez)._ Berggren, 1977:224, 245 (re-illustrations from literature). —Benjamini, 1980:347, pl. 6: figs. 11-13 [lower Eocene Globorotalia G. palmerae Zone, Mor Fm., Avedat group, Negev, Israel].—Toumarkine and Luterbacher, 1985:117, figs. 20.14-16 (reillustration of holotype and paratypes); figs. 20.17-20, 24a-25b, 27-28 [lower Eocene Acarinina pentacamerata Zone, Richmond Fm., Jamaica]; figs. 20.21a-b. 29a-b [lower Eocene Acarinina pentacamerata Zone, Cauvery Basin, southeastern India]; figs. 20.22-23 [lower Eocene Acarinina pentacamerata Zone, Agost, Alicante Province, Spain]; figs. 20.26 [lower Eocene Acarinina pentacamerata Zone, Cuba].—Poore and Bybell, 1988:19, pl. 1: figs. 3, 6 [lower Eocene Planorotalites palmerae Zone, ACGS No. 4 borehole, Mays Landing, New Jersey].
Globorotalia (Astrorotalia) stellaria Turnovsky, 1958:26, pl. 1: figs. 1, 2 [equivalent to Globorotalia palmerae Zone, Saray, near Mihalliccik, Vilayet, Ankara, Turkey].

Taxonomic discussion: The planktonic habit of this taxon has been questioned/debated by several authors (Berggren, 1968, p. 313; 1968:5-6; Stainforth and others, 1975, p. 212) and rejected outright by others (Blow, 1979, p. 280). However, Blow, writing in the late 1960s and early 1970s did not have the benefit of the insight/observations of Schmidt and Raju (1973), which appeared a year after his death. Schmidt and Raju (1973) and, later, Hillebrandt (1976, pl. 7, fig. 4) have convincingly demonstrated with SEM illustrations that this taxon is not referable to the shallow water taxon Pararotalia (characterized by having a prominent umbilical plug and areal aperture), and hence palmerae has been considered a planktonic taxon since that time (see further discussion of the taxonomy and suggested phylogeny of the pseudoscitula-palmerae plexus under P. pseudoscitula). Specimens intermediate/transitional between pseudoscitula and palmerae have been illustrated by Schmidt and Raju (1973, pl. 1); Poore and Bybell (1988, pl. 1: figs. 1,2), Blow (1979, pl. 264), and on Plate 12.1 of this Atlas. This taxon appears to have a decidedly restricted geographic (and stratigraphic) distribution having been recorded (to date) only from equatorial, fully tropical areas.
Astrorotalia stellaria Turnovsky is considered a junior synonym of Globorotalia palmerae Cushman and Bermúdez. However, Turnovsky’s genus name Astrorotalia is recognized here to denote the unique development/extension of radially elongate chamber margins into keel-spines. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Astrorotalia): Low trochospiral test with keel-spines
This taxon: This form is uniquely distinguished by the peripheral keel extending into blade-like keel-spines on each chamber.

Description

Wall type: Normal (coarsely) perforate, weakly muricate, nonspinose. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Morphology: Low trochospiral test with peripheral keel extending into blade-like, tapering keelspines on each chamber, oval to subcircular periphery, stellate shape; in umbilical view 5-6, moderately inflated, triangular-shaped chambers in last whorl, increasing slowly in size; sutures depressed, radial, umbilicus narrow, shallow, aperture a low umbilical-extraumbilical slit bordered by a thick lip extending to the periphery; in spiral view about 10-12 triangular shaped chambers in 2-2½ whorls, sutures distinct, curved, depressed and bearing extension of peripheral; in edge view umbilical and spiral sides planoconvex (slight inflation of chambers yields a lobulate outline in edge view), periphery with blade-like extensions of a peripheral keel. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Size: Length with keel-spines: 0.4-0.6 mm; without spines: 0.28-0.35 mm; breadth with keel-spines: 0.36 -0.46 mm; without keel-spines: 0.24-0.3 mm; thickness: 0.10-0.12 mm (Cushman and Bermudez, 1937, p. 26). [Berggren et al. 2006]

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Geographic distribution: Restricted to tropical regions (Caribbean, Tethys (Spain, Middle East [Israel, Turkey], India). [Berggren et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 summary: Low latitudes; based on Berggren et al. (2006a)

Isotope paleobiology: No data available. [Berggren et al. 2006]
Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 1 - Open ocean mixed-layer tropical/subtropical, with symbionts. Based on very heavy δ¹³C and relatively light δ¹⁸O. Sources cited by Aze et al. 2011 (appendix S3): this study

Phylogenetic relations: This form evolved from Planorotalites pseudoscitula by extension of the chambers and development of a peripheral keel which extends as a blade-like keel-spine on each chamber. Apparently it left no descendants. [Berggren et al. 2006]

Most likely ancestor: Planorotalites pseudoscitula - at confidence level 4 (out of 5). Data source: Berggren et al. 2006, f12.1.

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Notes: Restricted to within Zone E7. [Berggren & Pearson 2006]
Last occurrence (top): within E7 zone (45.72-50.20Ma, top in Lutetian stage). Data source: Berggren et al. 2006, f12.1
First occurrence (base): within E7 zone (45.72-50.20Ma, base in Ypresian stage). Data source: Berggren et al. 2006, f12.1

Primary source for this page: Berggren et al. 2006 - Eocene Atlas, chap. 12, p. 379

References:

Berggren, W. A. (1968). Phylogenetic and taxonomic problems of some Tertiary planktonic foraminiferal lineages. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology. 6(1): 1-22. gs V O

Berggren, W. A. (1977a). Atlas of Palaeogene Planktonic Foraminifera: some Species of the Genera Subbotina, Planorotalites, Morozovella, Acarinina and Truncorotaloides. In, Ramsay, A. T. S. (ed.) Oceanic Micropaleontology. Academic Press, London 205-300. gs

Berggren, W. A., Olsson, R. K. & Premoli Silva, I. (2006a). Taxonomy, biostratigraphy and phylogenetic affinities of Eocene Astrorotalia, Igorina, Planorotalites, and Problematica (Praemurica? lozanoi). In, Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Huber, B. T. & Berggren, W. A. (eds) Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 41(Chap 12): 377-400. gs V O

Bermudez, P. J. (1937b). Nuevas especies de Foraminiferos del Eoceno de Cuba. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural. 11: 137-150. gs V O

Bermudez, P. J. (1949). Tertiary smaller foraminifera of the Dominican Republic. Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 25: 1-322. gs

Bermudez, P. J. (1961). Contribucion al estudio de las Globigerinidea de la region Caribe-Antillana (Paleoceno-Reciente). Editorial Sucre, Caracas. 1119-1393. gs

Blow, W. H. (1979). The Cainozoic Globigerinida: A study of the morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary relationships and stratigraphical distribution of some Globigerinida (mainly Globigerinacea). E. J. Brill, Leiden. 2: 1-1413. gs

Bolli, H. M. (1957a). Planktonic foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad. In, Loeblich, A. R. , Jr., Tappan, H., Beckmann, J. P., Bolli, H. M., Montanaro Gallitelli, E. & Troelsen, J. C. (eds) Studies in Foraminifera. U.S. National Museum Bulletin. 215: 155-172. gs V O

Cushman, J. A. & Bermudez, P. J. (1937). Further new species of foraminifera from the Eocene of Cuba. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research. 13(1): 1-29. gs V O

Hillebrandt, A. , von (1976). Los foraminiferos planctonicos, nummulitidos y coccolitoforidos de la zona de Globorotalia palmerae del Cuisiense (Eoceno inferior) en el SE de Espana, (Provincias de Murcia y Alicante. Revista Española de Micropaleontología. 8(3): 323-394. gs

Martinez-Gallego, J. (1973). Sobre la presencia de Globorotalia palmerae Cushman y Bermudéz en las Cordilleras Beticas. Cuadernos de Geologia, Universidad de Granada. 3: 69-75. gs

Poore, R. Z. & Bybell, L. M. (1988). Eocene to Miocene biostratigraphy of New Jersey Core ACGS #4: Implications for regional stratigraphy. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. 1829: 1-41. gs

Schmidt, R. R. & Raju, D. S. N. (1973). Globorotalia palmerae Cushman and Bermúdez and closely related species from the lower Eocene, Cauvery Basin, South India. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. B76(167-184): -. gs

Stainforth, R. M., Lamb, J. L., Luterbacher, H., Beard, J. H. & Jeffords, R. M. (1975). Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation and characteristics of index forms. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Articles. 62: 1-425. gs V O

Toumarkine, M. & Luterbacher, H. (1985). Paleocene and Eocene planktic foraminifera. In, Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. & Perch-Neilsen, K. (eds) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 87-154. gs

Turnovsky, K. (1958). Eine neue Art von Globorotalia Cushman aus dem Eozaen Anatoliens und ihre Zuordnung su einer neuen Untergattung. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey. 6(2): 80-86. gs

test outline:	Stellate	chamber arrangement:	Trochospiral	edge view:	Planoconvex	aperture:	-
sp chamber shape:	Subtriangular	coiling axis:	Low	periphery:	Single keel	aperture border:	Thick lip
umb chbr shape:	Subtriangular	umbilicus:	Wide	periph margin shape:	Subangular	accessory apertures:	None
spiral sutures:	Moderately depressed	umb depth:	Shallow	wall texture:	Finely muricate	shell porosity:	Macroperforate: >2.5µm
umbilical or test sutures:	Moderately depressed	final-whorl chambers:	5.0-6.0	N.B. These characters are used for advanced search. N/A - not applicable

Astrorotalia palmerae

Taxonomy

Description

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

References:

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