radiolaria - rads_cenozoic - Dictyophimus crisiae

Citation: Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg 1854

Synonyms:
1854b Dictyophimus crisiae - Ehrenberg p. 241
1966 Pterocorys ? sp. - Benson p. 412-414; pl. 28, figs. 4-5, 6(?)
1967 Dictyophimus crisiae - Nigrini p. 66; pl. 6, figs. 7a-7b
1971 Pterocorys hirundo - Casey pl. 23.1, figs. 6-7
1971 Pterocorys hirundo - Ling, Stadum, and Welch p. 715; pl. 2, figs. 8-9 (not 10)
1973 Dictyophimus crisiae - Kling p. 636; pl. 4, figs. 11-15; pl. 10, figs. 18-20
1977 Pterocorys hirundo - Molina-Cruz p. 338; pl. 8, fig. 9
1979 Dictyophimus crisiae - Nigrini and Moore p. N33-N34; pl. 22, figs. 1a-1b
1980 Dictyophimus crisiae - Johnson and Nigrini p. 127; pl. 3, fig. 9
1981 Dictyophimus crisiae - Takahashi and Honjo p.153; pl. 9, figs. 1-2
1991 Dictyophimus crisiae - Takahashi p. 115; pl. 37, fig. 2
1995 Tripodoconus longipes - van de Paverd p. 236; pl. 71, figs. 4-5
1998 Dictyophimus hirundo - Boltovskoy fig. 15.140 A (not B)

From Suzuki Paleotax db:

1854 Dictyophimus crisiae n. sp. Ehrenberg p. 241
1862 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Haeckel p. 307
1873 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Ehrenberg p. 288-289
1967 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Nigrini p. 66-68, pl. 6, fig. 7a, 7b
1973 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Kling p. 636, pl. 10, figs. 18-20
1973 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Kling p. 636, pl. 4, figs. 11-15, pl. 10, figs. 18-20
1974 Dictyophimus crisiane Ehrenberg Renz p. 791, pl. 17, fig. 2
1975 Dictyophimus crisae Ehrenberg Petrushevskaya pl. 25, fig. 8
1977 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Casey & McMillen pl. 1, fig. 17
1977 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Riedel & Sanfilippo pl. 23, fig. 3
1978 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg McMillen & Casey pl. 4, fig. 18
1978 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrneberg Pisias & Moore p. 847, pl. 2, fig. 5
1979 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Nigrini & Moore N33-34, pl. 22, figs. 1a, 1b
1980 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Boltovskoy & Riedel p. 123-124, pl. 5, fig. 7
1980 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Johnson & Nigrini p. 127, text-fig. 10d, pl. 3, fig. 9
1981 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Takahashi & Honjo p. 153, pl. 9, fig. 1 (only)
1981 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Takahashi & Honjo p. 153, pl. 9, fig. 2 (only)
1982 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Nagata pl. 3, fig. 13
1984 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Nishimura & Yamauchi p. 55-56, pl. 31, figs. 1-3, pl. 56, fig. 11
1987 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Akers et al. p. 22, 24, pl. 5, fig. 6
1991 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Takahashi p. 115, pl. 37, fig. 2
1992 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Sugiyama et al. pl. 22, figs. 1a, 1b
1992 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Wang & Yang p. 105-106, pl. 3, fig. 11, pl. 4, figs. 21, 22
1994 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Haslett p. 134-135, pl. 2, fig. 12
2009 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg [type specimen in the Ehrenberg collection] Suzuki et al. pl. 35, figs. 1a-1d
2012 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Krsinic & Krsinic pl. 6, fig. 61
2017 Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg Chen et al. p. 184, pl. 61, fig. 13

Taxonomic discussion: Ehrenberg 1854, p. 241; Nigrini 1967 p.66, pl.6, figs.7a,b

Original description: testulae capilulo laevi subgloboso celluloso, secundo articulo triquetro dilatato, angulis cordatis aculeo brevi costato terminatis inaequalibus. Diam. tot.-1/31"', capituli 1/90"'. Cellulae aequales rotundae in 1/100"' 3--3 1/2. De hoc genere conferatur Halicalyptra? ternata.

[Dictyophimus crisiae. Small tests, with smooth, subglobose, porous cephalis; second segment 3-cornered and dilate, the unequal angles terminating in a short, costate spine. Total diameter 72 µ, cephalis 25 µ. Pores circular, equal, 3 - 31/2 in 23 µ.

This form may be compared with Halicalyptra? ternata. (Translated from Latin by E.M.R. and W.R.R.)]

Description

Benson 1966 - Dictyophimus crisiae

Cephalis subhemispherical to cylindrical, separated from a conical to campanulate thorax by a distinct change in contour but not by a stricture. Pores of cephalis small, circular, in a few tests in-filled; cephalic wall of variable thickness (up to 5 m); surface of cephalis smooth to rough, with scattered spines in a few specimens.A heavy, generally conical, long, straight or slightly curved, nearly vertical apical horn originates from the top of the cephalis and extends from the apical bar which is either a dorsal rib in the cephalic wall or an internal columella.A short, thin, conical vertical spine is present. Six collar pores including a pair of very small jugular pores were observed in two specimens. Thorax of variable length and breadth, campanulate to conical, with wall of variable thickness (up to 9 µm) and a surface ranging from smooth to spinose. In a few specimens the thorax turns inward slightly at its base, and a cylindrical abdomen extends from it; in one specimen a trace of an inner septal ring was observed, but in most specimens the distinction between thorax and abdomen cannot be made other than that the latter is not joined to the feet which originate from the broadest portion of the thorax at its base. Pores of both thorax and abdomen similar, large, subequal to unequal, subpolygonal to circular or elliptical, subregularly arranged in approximate longitudinal rows, separated by heavy, smooth to spinose intervening bars. Basal margin of abdomen not observed as complete. The dorsal and primary lateral bars of the collar region extend as indistinct ribs in the wall of the thorax and terminate in relatively long and heavy, conical or cylindrical feet which diverge widely and are either straight or curve slightly outward.

Measurements: based on 9 specimens from stations 27 and 46: length of cephalis 18-31 µm, of thorax 62-117 µm, of abdomen 27-119 µm; breadth of cephalis 23-46 µm, of thorax 86-185 µm, of abdomen 81-191 µm; length of apical horn 15-81 µm, of vertical spine 5-10 µm, of feet 37-148 µm.

Remarks: The general structure of this species, e.g., long feet originating from near the terminus of the thorax and a cylindrical abdomen below, is similar to two species of Pterocorys Haeckel, namely P. aquila Haeckel (1887, pp. 1317-1318, Pl. 71, fig.5) and P. hirundo Haeckel (1887, p. 1318, Pl. 71, fig. 4).For this reason the Gulf species is tentatively assigned to Pterocorys although other species of this genus are very different from the two mentioned above. Lychnocanium arabicum Ehrenberg (1872a, p. 316; l873b, Pl. 10, fig. 3) from the western tropical Indian Ocean is similar to the Gulf Species but its cephalis is separated from the thorax by a distinct collar stricture. In size of pores, width of intervening bars, and character of feet and horn a few specimens of the Gulf species are similar to Dictyophimus mawsoni Riedel (1958, p. 234, Pl. 3, figs. 6, 7) from Antarctic waters, but Riedel's species does not have a definite cephalis, and the pores are much more irregular than those of the Gulf species. Because this species is very rare in the Gulf, its complete range of variation was not determined. For this reason and its possible identification with Lychnocanium arabicum Ehrenberg, a new name is not proposed.

Distribution: This species is very rare in the Gulf, occurring only at stations 27, 34, 46, and 60.It is, therefore, an oceanic species without affinity for Gulf waters. \ From: Benson, 1966, p. 412-414; pl. 28, figs. 4-6:Pterocorys ? sp.

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: Lazarus et al. 2015 - "R age group"
First occurrence (base): within Quaternary Period (0.00-2.59Ma, base in Gelasian stage). Data source: Lazarus et al. 2015 - "R age group"

References:

Benson, R. N. (1966). Recent Radiolaria from the Gulf of California. Thesis, Minnesota University. 1-577. gs

Boltovskoy, D. (1998). Classification and distribution of south Atlantic recent polycystine Radiolaria. Palaeontologia Electronica. (2): -. gs

Casey, R. E. (1971c). Radiolarians as indicators of past and present water-masses. In, Funnel, B. M. & Riedel, W. R (eds) The Micropaleontology of Oceans. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 331-341. gs

Ehrenberg, C. G. (1854c). Systematische Charakteristik der neuen mikroskopischen Organismen des tiefen atlantischen Oceans. Bericht uber die zu Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglichen Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1854: 236-250. gs

Johnson, D. A. & Nigrini, C. A. (1980). Radiolarian biogeography in surface of the western Indian Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology. 5(2): 111-152. gs

Kling, S. A. (1973). Radiolaria from the eastern North Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 18. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 18: 617-671. gs

Ling, H-y., Stadum, C. J. & Welch, M. L. (1971). Polycystine Radiolaria from Bering Sea surface sediments. In, Farinacci, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the II Planktonic Conference, Roma 1970. Tecnoscienza, Roma 705-729. gs

Molina-Cruz, A. (1977). Radiolarian assemblages and their relationship to the oceanography of the subtropical southeastern Pacific. Marine Micropaleontology. 2(4): 315-352. gs

Nigrini, C. A. & Moore, T. C. Jr. (1979). A guide to modern Radiolaria. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 16: 1-260. gs O

Nigrini, C. A. (1967). Radiolaria in pelagic sediments from the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. 11: 1-125. gs

Takahashi, K. & Honjo, S. (1981). Vertical flux of Radiolaria: A taxon-quantitative sediment trap study from the western tropical Atlantic. Micropaleontology. 27(2): 140-190. gs

Takahashi, K. (1991). Radiolaria: Flux, ecology, and Taxonomy in the Pacific and Atlantic. Ocean Biocoenosis Series. 3: 1-301. gs

van de Paverd, P. J. (1995). Recent Polycystine Radiolaria from the Snellius-II Expedition. Thesis, Free University Amsterdam. 1-351. gs

Missing or ambiguous references: Ehrenberg 1854;

Dictyophimus crisiae

Taxonomy

Description

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

References:

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