rad_org Lophophaena variabilis img697.jpg
rad_org Lophophaena variabilis img697.jpg
1913 Acanthocorys variabilis (part.) - Popofsky p. 360-364; text-figs. 71, 72, and 79 (not 74-78, 80-81)
1966 Lithomelissa cf. galeata (part.), - Benson p. 371-373; pl. 24, fig. 18, (not 16-17)
1971 Lophophaena variabilis - Petrushevskaya p. 111; fig.57, II-III; fig. 59, V-VI
1983 (?)Psilomelissa(?) sp. cf. P.(?) galeata - Benson p. 507
1995 Lophophaena variabilis - van de Paverd p. 221; pl. 65, figs. 5-6, 11
From Suzuki Paleotax db:
1913 Acanthocorys variabilis n. sp. Popofsky p. 360-364, figs. 71-81, text-figs. 71, 72, 79 (not text-fig. 73-78, 80, 81)
1913 Acanthocorys variabilis n. sp. Popofsky p. 360-364, text-frigs. 74-77
1913 Acanthocoyrs variabilis Popofsky (?) Popofsky p. 360-364, text-fig. 80 (non text-figs. 71-79, 81)
1971 Lophophaena variabilis (Popofsky), emend. Petrushevskaya p. 111, pl. 57, fis. 2, 3, pl. 59, figs. 5, 6
1976 Acanthocorys sp. aff. A. variabilis Popofsky Renz p. 155-156, pl. 6, fig. 20
1976 Acanthocorys variabilis Popofsky Tan & Tchang p. 281, text-fig. 56
1981 Acanthocorys cf. variabilis Popofsky Takahashi & Honjo p. 151, pl. 7, fig. 1
1991 Acanthocorys cf. variabilis Popofsky Takahashi p. 96, pl. 25, fig. 1
1999 Acanthocorys variabilis Popofsky Tan & Chen p. 318-319, text-fig. 5.250
2003 Acanthocorys variabilis Popofsky Tan & Su p. 163-164, text-fig. 130
Catalog entries: Acanthocorys variabilis
type material: A. variabilisOriginal description: Die hauptsächlichste Gestaltungsart (Textfig. 77) dieser außerordentlich variablen Spezies läßt sich etwa folgendermaßen umschreiben: Der Kopf ist meist länger als breit, von ovaler Form und mit einer deutlichen Nackeneinsenkung von dem glocken- oder birnförmigen Thorax abgesetzt. Bei älteren Tieren ist die Schalenmündung eingezogen. Der Kopf ist mit verschieden großen, meist kreisrunden Poren versehen, welche meistens bedeutend größer sind als die unregelmäßig rundlichen, sehr verschieden großen, dichtgedrängten Poren des Thorax. Auch sind die Kopfporen in die Schalenwand eingesenkt und in noch späterem Stadium der Entwicklung (Textfig. 76) mit erhabenen Kanten umrahmt. Kopf und meist auch der Thorax sind mit schlanken, dornen- (Textfig. 74, 76) oder nadelförmigen, langen (Textfig. 75, 77) Stacheln bedeckt, deren Zahl bis zu 40 betragen kann und sehr variabel ist. Eine Anzahl der Stacheln verläuft (Textfig. 79) in der Thoraxwand und tritt am Kopf und am Thoraxmund erst ins Freie. Zwischen diesen Stacheln befinden sich auch die Urstacheln. Sie werden besonders schön erkennbar bei beiderseits offenen Jugendstadien (Textfig. 73.) Im besten Falle schien mir das Urstachelgerüst aus den Stacheln A, D, Lr, Ll, V und den sekundären Lateralstacheln lr, ll zu bestehen, also ein Gerüst nach dem älteren Campylacantha-Typus zu sein. Ein Teil dieser Urstacheln tritt am Thorax als konische, nadelförmige Stacheln ins Freie. Die Zahl der entwickelten Urstacheln scheint variabel zu sein, wenigstens gilt das von deren äußerlich sichtbaren Enden.
Translated description: The main type of design (Textfig. 77) of this extremely variable species can be described as follows: The cephalis is usually longer than it is wide, oval in shape and separated from the bell- or pear-shaped thorax with a clear neck depression. In older animals the shell mouth is retracted. The cephalis is provided with pores of different sizes, mostly circular, which are usually significantly larger than the irregularly round, densely packed pores of the thorax. The cephalis pores are also sunk into the shell wall and are framed with raised edges at an even later stage of development (Textfig. 76). The cephalis and usually also the thorax are covered with slender, thorn-like (Textfig. 74, 76) or needle-shaped, long (Textfig. 75, 77) spines, the number of which can be up to 40 and is very variable. A number of the spines run (Textfig. 79) in the thorax wall and only emerge at the cephalis and thorax mouth. The primordial spines are also located between these spines. They are particularly clearly visible in juvenile stages that are open on both sides (Text fig. 73.) In the best case, the primal spine structure seemed to me to consist of the spines A, D, Lr, Ll, V and the secondary lateral spines lr, ll, i.e. a structure based on the older one to be Campylacantha type. Some of these primordial spines emerge from the thorax as conical, needle-shaped spines. The number of developed primordial spines appears to be variable, at least that is true of their externally visible ends. [gt/dbl]
Remarks on original description: Varietäten: 1. Mit geringerer Stachelzahl (Textfig. 79), 18. September 1903, 400 m (1).
2. Mit geringerer Stachelzahl, aber auch oben und unten offener Schale (Apikalloch), wie Text-figur 81: 11. September 1903, 400 m (1).
3. Mit gegitterten Stachelanhängen und gegittertem Kopfhorn (wie Textfig. 80), 18. September
1903, 400 m (1). [Synonymized with Lophophaena bütschlii (Hck.) by Petrushevskaya, 1971b, p.109]
4. Mit wenigen, fast rückgebildeten äußeren Stachelenden und Hörnern (wie Textfig. 78), 15. Mai 1903, 400 m (1).
[text-fig. 72-77 Synonymized with Lophophaena hispida (Ehrenberg) Petrushevskaya, 1971b, p.115]
Benson 1966 - Lophophaena variabilis Benson, 1966 (part.), p. 371-373; pl. 24, fig. 18, (not 16-17): Lithomelissa cf. galeata (Ehrenberg) ? Popofsky Diagnosis: a subcylindrical cephalis; numerous long (as long as 36 m), thin, conical spines originating from the cephalis; and with numerous prominent thoracic ribs. Benson 1966 - Acanthocorys variabilis Cephalis subspherical with large, nearly equal, circular to suboircular pores, 3-5 on half the circumference; with relatively long, thin, conical spines originating from the nodes of the intervening bars. Cephalis separated from the thorax by a necked region but not by a distinct collar stricture. Thorax smooth to spiny, generally conical but subcylindrical in a few tests; with a change in contour below the collar region; in several specimens a slight, indistinct annular stricture distally, separating a lower portion (abdomen?) from the upper portion of the thorax. Pores of the thorax subcircular to subpolygonal, subequal, to unequal, about the same size or smaller than those of the cephalis. Several indistinct longitudinal ribs in the thoracic wall extend as thin conical spines from the incomplete terminal margin of the thorax. Mouth of thorax constricted in a few specimens. Four collar pores present; cardinal pores of type B.Apical bar an indistinct dorsal rib in the cephalic wall. Apical and vertical spines present but indistinct from the numerous cephalic spines. Dorsal and primary lateral spines extend as thoracic ribs which terminate in short, thin, conical spines generally above the indistinct annular stricture of the thorax. Measurements: based on 8 specimens from stations 60, 106, and 192: length of cephalis 28-37 µm, of thorax 58-86 µm; breadth of cephalis 32-38 µm, of thorax 55-92 µm; length of apical spine 0-12 µm, of vertical spine 6-9 µm, of dorsal and primary lateral spines 2-10 µm. Remarks: This species is identical with only four of the eleven of Popofsky's (1913, text figs. 71-81) illustrations of Acanthocorys variabilis Popofsky, namely text figs. 74-77.Of his other illustrations, text figs. 78, 79, and 80 are similar to Lithomelissa thoracites Haeckel, and text fig. 81 is similar to Lithomelissa cf. galeata. The other illustrations could not be identified with any of the Gulf species. The definition of Acanthocorys variabilis is herein restricted to the above description of the Gulf species which includes tests with a subspherical, spiny cephalis having large, subequal, circular pores and a sub-cylindrical thorax. Distribution: This species is rare but nearly cosmopolitan in the Gulf, occurring as far north as station 208.It is absent at stations 90, 91, 95, 99, 130, 184, 191, 194, 203, 206, and 214.Its frequency is too rare to make a judgment concerning its response to upwelling. Its general absence at marginal stations indicates its preference for offshore, more nearly oceanic waters. The specimens illustrated by Popofsky (1913) that correspond to the Gulf species were reported from the western tropical part of the Indian Ocean and the tropical South Atlantic. This species, therefore, is widely distributed in tropical seas. \ From: Benson, 1966, p. 373-375; pl. 24, fig. 19:Acanthocorys variabilis Popofsky sens. emend. Acanthocorys variabilis Popofsky, 1913, Deutsche Sdpo1ar-Exped., vol. 14, pp. 360-364, text figs. 74, 75, 76, 77; not 71, 72, 73, 78, 79, 80, 81.
Published descriptions
Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: Lazarus et al. 2015 - "R age group"
First occurrence (base): within Quaternary Period (0.00-2.59Ma, base in Gelasian stage). Data source: Lazarus et al. 2015 - "R age group"
Plot of occurrence data:
Benson, R. N. (1966). Recent Radiolaria from the Gulf of California. Thesis, Minnesota University. 1-577. gs Benson, R. N. (1983). Quaternary radiolarians from the Mouth of the Gulf of California, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 65. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 65: 491-523. gs Popofsky, A (1913). Die Nassellarien des Warmwassergebietes. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. 13(6): 216-416. gs O van de Paverd, P. J. (1995). Recent Polycystine Radiolaria from the Snellius-II Expedition. Thesis, Free University Amsterdam. 1-351. gs Missing or ambiguous references: Petrushevskaya 1971;References:
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Lophophaena variabilis compiled by the radiolaria@mikrotax project team viewed: 17-10-2026
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