rad_org Prunopyle tetrapila img1144.jpg
rad_org Prunopyle tetrapila img1403.jpg
rad_org Prunopyle tetrapila img1578.jpg
rad_org Prunopyle tetrapila img1144.jpg
rad_org Prunopyle tetrapila img1403.jpg
rad_org Prunopyle tetrapila img1578.jpg
1965 Prunopyle tetrapila - Hays pl. 2, fig.5
1972 Cromyechinus tetrapila - Petrushevskaya pl. 9, fig. 11
1975 Prunopyle tetrapila - Chen pl. 23, fig. 3, 4
1990 Prunopyle tetrapila - Abelmann pl. 3, fig. 14
From Suzuki Paleotax db:
1965 Prunopyle tetrapila n. sp. Hays p. 172, pl. 2, fig. 5
1972 Cromyechinus tetrapyla (Hays) Petrushevskaya fig. 1.1, 1.2, 2.2
1972 Cromyechinus tetrapyla (Hays) [sic] Petrushevskaya & Kozlova p. 519, pl. 9, fig. 11
1975 Actinomma tetrapyla (Hays) Petrushevskaya p. 569
1975 Prunopyle tetrapila Hays Chen p. 454, pl. 23, figs. 3, 4
1975 Prunopyle tetrapila Hays Keany & Kennett pl. 3, fig. 4
1979 Prunopyle tetrapila Hays Keany p. 53, pl. 5, fig. 3
1982 Prunopyle tetrapila Hays (?) Nakaseko & Nishimura p. 102, pl. 25, fig. 3
1990 Prunopyle tetrapila Hays group Abelmann p. 693, pl. 3, fig. 13
1992 Prunopyle tetrapila Hays Takemura p. 742, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2
1993 Sphaeropyle tetradica (Hays) [sic] Vituchin pl. 18, fig. 5
Catalog entries: Prunopyle tetrapila
type material: P. tetrapilaOriginal description: Skeleton consists of four concentric shells, the inner three spherical, the outer prune-shaped, with a pylome at one end. Inner three shells, surface smooth, heir diameters in the ratio 1:3:7. Innermost shell, pores circular 2-3 times bar width; second shell, pores circular, of uniform size, 2-3 times bar width, 6 across equatorial diameter in some specimens, rounded by raised hexagonal frames. Third shell, pores vary in size between individuals, usually large, circular, not of uniform size, 3-10 times bar width, 6-8 across equatorial diameter, but in some specimens they may be nearly the same size as pores of fourth shell. Fourth shell, surface rough, pores usually small relative to those of third shell, circular, not uniformly spaced, and of varying size. Some specimens display 10-15 short spines, triangular in cross section, scattered over the surface of the fourth shell, but in most specimens shell is without spines.
Remarks on original description: Prunopyle tetrapila, although not found in Recent surface sediments on either side of the Polar Front, is a common constituent of zone phi, extending upward across the red clay diatomite boundary. Its upper limit varies but in a number of cores it is similar to the upper limit of Sethocorys sp., Saturnulus planetes, and Pterocanium trilobum or the top of zone X (Figures 22-27).
Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): within Neogene Period (2.59-23.03Ma, top in Piacenzian stage). Data source: Lazarus et al. 2015 - "N age group"
First occurrence (base): within Neogene Period (2.59-23.03Ma, base in Aquitanian stage). Data source: Lazarus et al. 2015 - "N age group"
Plot of occurrence data:
Abelmann, A. (1990). Oligocene to Middle Miocene radiolarian stratigraphy of southern high latitudes from Leg 113, Sites 689 and 690, Maud Rise. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 113: 675-708. gs Foreman, H. P. (1975). Radiolaria from the North Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 32. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 32: 579-676. gs O Hays, J. D. (1965). Radiolaria and late Tertiary and Quaternary history of AntarcticSeas. American Geophysical Union, Antarctic Research Series 5, Llano, G. A.. 125-184. gs Takemura, A. (1992). Radiolarian Paleogene biostratigraphy in the southern Indian Ocean, Leg 120. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 120: 735-756. gs Missing or ambiguous references: Chen 1975; Petrushevskaya 1972; References:
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Prunopyle tetrapila compiled by the radiolaria@mikrotax project team viewed: 9-2-2026
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