radiolaria - rads_cenozoic - Heliodiscus asteriscus

Citation: Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel 1887

Basionym: Heliodiscus asteriscus

Synonyms:
1887 Heliodiscus asteriscus - Haeckel p. 445; pl. 33, fig. 8
1966 Heliodiscus asteriscus - Benson p. 200-201; pl. 9, fig. 3 (not fig. 4)
1983 Heliodiscus asteriscus - Benson p. 504

From Suzuki Paleotax db:

1887 Heliodiscus (Heliodiscetta) asteriscus n. sp. Haeckel p. 445, pl. 33, fig. 8
1953 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Riedel p. 809
1965 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Hays p. 171, pl. 2, fig. 7
1967 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Nigrini p. 32-33, pl. 3, fig. 1a, 1b
1970 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Nigrini p. 168, pl. 2, fig. 1
1970 Heliodiscus astricus Haeckel Resig et al. p. 430, fig. 4.4
1972 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Ling p. 166, pl. 1, fig. 10
1972 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel group Petrushevskaya & Kozlova p. 523, pl. 13, fig. 3
1972 Heliodiscus sp. Petrushevskaya & Kozlova p. 523, pl. 13, fig. 9
1973 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Dumitrica pl. 7, fig. 7
1974 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Renz p. 793, pl. 13, fig. 11
1974 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Riedel et al. p. 707, pl. 56, fig. 4
1976 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Renz p. 92, pl. 2, fig. 1
1977 Heliodiscus asteriscus (Haeckel) [sic] Molinap. 334, pl. 1, fig. 2
1978 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Dumitrica p. 238, pl. 2, fig. 4
1978 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Riedel & Sanfilippo p. 108, pl. 3, fig. 6
1978 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckelo McMillen & Casey pl. 3, fig. 3
1979 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Kling p. 309, pl. 1, fig. 4
1979 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Nigrini & Moore S73-74, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2
1980 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Boltovskoy & Riedel p. 115, pl. 3, fig. 8
1980 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Johnson & Nigrini p. 121, text-fig. 6f, pl. 2, fig. 2
1980 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Ling p. 367, pl. 1, fig. 5
1981 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Sakai p. 422-423, figure (no number)
1981 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Takahashi & Honjo p. 148, pl. 4, figs. 7, 8
1982 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Poluzzi p. 56, pl. 17, fig. 10
1982 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Tan & Su p. 152, pl. 8, fig. 2
1983 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Srinivasan et al. p. 7, pl. 2, fig. 5
1984 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Nigrini & Lombari S39-S40, pl. 5, fig. 4
1984 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Nishimura & Yamauchi p. 37, pl. 18, figs. 1-3
1984 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Nishimura & Yamauchi pl. 1, fig. 5, pl. 3, fig. 2
1985 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Boltovskoy & Jankilevich pl. 2, fig. 22
1985 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Morley p. 410, pl. 3, fig. 8
1986 Heliodiscus astericus Haeckel Nishimura fig. VI.9.5
1986 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Levyikina p. 104, pl. 16, fig. 7
1986 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Morley & Kohl pl. 1, fig. 11
1986 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Yamauchi pl. 4, fig. 7
1988 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel group Tochilina et al. pl. 2, fig. 4
1990 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Fujioka pl. 41, fig. 4
1991 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Takahashi p. 89, pl. 23, figs. 1-3
1992 Heliodiscus sp. aff. H. astericus Haeckel Sugiyama et al. p. 13, pl. 5, figs. 6-8b
1993 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Sharma & Singh pl. 1, figs. 26-28
1994 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Haslett p. 131, pl. 1, fig. 13
1996 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Chen & Tan p. 181, pl. 12, figs. 10-12, pl. 41, fig. 10
1998 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Tan p. 208, text-fig. 201
1999 Heliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel Tan & Chen p. 208, text-fig. 5.121

Taxonomic discussion: Haeckel 1887; Nigrini & Moore 1979 p S73 pl 9 figs 1-2

Original description: Disk with smooth surface, three times as broad as the medullary shell. Pores regular, circular; ten to twelve on the radius of the disk. Marginal spines fifteen to twenty, conical, often double contoured, of variable size and disposition, the largest as long as the radius of the disk, as broad as the base as one pore.

Diameter of the disk 150µm, of the medullary shell 50µm; length of the radial spines 40 to 70µm, basal breadth 10µm.
Remarks on original description: Haeckel listed Heliodiscus asteriscus under the subgeneric name Heliodiscetta, but did not include the subgeneric name the species name.

Description

Benson 1966 - Heliodiscus asteriscus

Benson, 1966, p. 200-210; pl. 9, fig. 3 (not fig.4): Heliodiscus asteriscusHeliodiscus asteriscus Haeckel,1887, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 18, p. 445,. P1. 33, fig. 8.Cortical shell discoidal, with equal to subequal, circular to subcircular, regularly arranged pores, 12-21 (generally 16-18) across the diameter, generally without polygonal frames but frames rudimentary in a few tests; surface smooth to thorny, in several specimens with thin, conical spines. Margin of shell with 5-30 or more, relatively long, broad, conical to three-bladed spines, generally lying in a single plane, not continuous inwards as beams; in one specimen 20-30 smaller, less robust marginal spines present in addition to the heavier spines; spines generally of nearly equal length in each specimen but of unequal lengths in several. Medullary shell subspherical to ellipsoidal or globular, with relatively large, subequal, circular to subcircular pores, 5-8 on the half circumference; joined to cortical shell by numerous (15-30 or more) thin, cylindrical radial beams none of which reach the margin of the cortical shell; some beams continue as thin, conical spines beyond the surface of the cortical shell.

Measurements: based on 30 specimens from stations 27, 34, 46, 56, 60, and 71: major diameter of cortical shell 119-191 µm, of medullary shell 47-64 µm; length of marginal spines 6-129 µm (generally 25-50 µm).

Remarks: Several species of Heliodiscus illustrated by Haeckel are similar to H. asteriscus, but without access to Haeckel stypematerial, their synonymy with this species is not proposed. These includeH. polymorphus Haeckel (1887, p. 447, P1. 34, figs. 11, 12) andpossibly H. solaster Haeckel (1887, p. 447, P1. 34, fig. 4) and H. echiniscus Haeckel (1887, p. 448, P1. 34, fig. 5).H. asteriscoides Haecker(1908, p. 444, P1. 83, figs. 578-580)differs from H. asteriscus in thepresence of numerous, long, thin, conical spines arising from the surface of the cortical shell (observed in a few Gulf specimens) but morefundamentally in the presence of a large circular pylome in the medullary shell.

Distribution: This species is of cosmopolitan but rare occurrence in the Gulf. It is absent only at stations 151, 203, and 214 and is common (3.0%) only at station 194.Other than at this station it undergoes no abrupt changes in its frequency. In the absence of known upwelling near station 194, it must be concluded that the increase in this species at this station is due to its tolerance of waters with slightly higher than average temperature and salinity. Its cosmopolitan occurrence in the Gulf also suggests this. It has a slightly greater abundance in the southern Gulf. Haeckel (1887, p. 445) reports this species as cosmopolitan at the surface and various depths from all oceans, including the Mediterranean Sea. The species of Haeckel mentioned in the remarks were reported from the central Pacific.H. asteriscoides Haecker (1908, p. 444) was reported from the northern Indian Ocean, as well as from the South Atlantic at station (128) located in the West Wind Drift. Whether or not this species is trulycosmopolitan at all latitudes must await further taxonomic study.

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: Lazarus et al. 2015 - "R age group"
First occurrence (base): within Quaternary Period (0.00-2.59Ma, base in Gelasian stage). Data source: Lazarus et al. 2015 - "R age group"

References:

Benson, R. N. (1966). Recent Radiolaria from the Gulf of California. Thesis, Minnesota University. 1-577. gs

Benson, R. N. (1983). Quaternary radiolarians from the Mouth of the Gulf of California, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 65. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 65: 491-523. gs

Haeckel, E (1887). Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. 18: 1-1803. gs O

Nigrini, C. A. & Moore, T. C. Jr. (1979). A guide to modern Radiolaria. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 16: 1-260. gs O

Heliodiscus asteriscus

Taxonomy

Description

Biogeography and Palaeobiology

Biostratigraphic distribution

References:

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