Nannotax3 - ntax_cenozoic - Scyphosphaera apsteinii

Citation: Scyphosphaera apsteinii Lohmann, 1902

Basionym: Scyphosphaera apsteini Lohmann, 1902

Synonyms:

Pontosphaera scutellum Kamptner (1952) [detailed description of isolated body coccolith, absence of pore means it is unlikely to be P. japonica - JRY 2015]
Pontosphaera messinae Bartolini 1970 [another description of isolated body coccoliths from sediment samples - JRY 2025]

Variants:

typical biconvex form - S. apstenii; S. globulosa Kamptner, 1955; S. procera Kamptner, 1955;
very broad - Scyphosphaera ampla Kamptner, 1955;
low - S. brevis Varol, 1984; S. pseudorecurvata Varol, 1989; S. praeglobulata Varol, 1989;
small, nearly smooth - S. graphica Muller, 1974 (possibly a Tintinnabuliformis);
straighter sides - S. recta (Deflandre, 1942) Kamptner, 1955 [originally S. apsteinii ssp. recta].
base narrow/recurved - S. recurvata Deflandre, 1942; S. recurvata var. projectura Siesser 1998; S. piriformis Kamptner, 1955; This variant is often separated from S. apsteinii, but such forms do occur on extant S. apsteinii coccospheres.
broad and flaring with wide distal opening - S. apsteinii forma dilatata, S. coheni, S. antilleana
narrow and flaring with wide distal opening - S. inversiconica Varol, 1984;

Taxonomic discussion: S. apsteinii body coccoilths are very similar to those of P. japonica - but have a less regular array of pores. In the fossil record the separation is not practicable so P. japonica is a pragmatic identification for likely body coccoliths of S. apsteinii.

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Scyphosphaera): Coccospheres with Pontosphaera-like body coccoliths and equatorial coccoliths with rims elevated into vase-like structures (lopadoliths).
This taxon: Lopadoliths - Simple convex outward profile, or somewhat constricted at base. R-unit extends to top of lopadolith
Body coccoliths - rim broad and low, small scattered pores in central area

A single, unambiguous, combination coccosphere with Scyphosphaera apsteinii HOL was described and illustrated by Frada et al. (2009) from the North Atlantic. Drescher et al. (2012) document in detail the cytology and coccolith formation based on culture observations, "Live cell imaging demonstrates that the cells possess the extraordinary ability to completely reorient the disposition of the coccoliths at the cell surface during and post-secretion".

Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: present in the plankton (Young et al. 2003)
First occurrence (base): within NP12 zone (50.50-53.70Ma, base in Ypresian stage). Data source: Siesser, 1998

References:

Bown, P. R. & Newsam, C. (2017). Calcareous nannofossils from the Eocene North Atlantic Ocean (IODP Expedition 342 Sites U1403–1411). Journal of Nannoplankton Research. 37(1): 25-60. gs O

Bown, P. R. (2005d). Palaeogene calcareous nannofossils from the Kilwa and Lindi areas of coastal Tanzania (Tanzania Drilling Project 2003-4). Journal of Nannoplankton Research. 27(1): 21-95. gs O

Burns, D. A. (1973). Structural analysis of flanged coccoliths in sediments from the South West Pacific Ocean. Revista Española de Micropaleontología. 5(1): 147-160. gs O

Cros, L. & Fortuño, J. -M. (2002). Atlas of northwestern Mediterranean coccolithophores. Scientia Marina. 66: 1-186. gs

Deflandre, G. (1942a). Coccolithophoridés fossiles d'Oranie. Genres Scyphosphaera Lohmann et Thorosphaera Ostenfeld. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse. 77: 125-137. gs

Drescher, B., Dillaman, R. M. & Taylor, A. R (2012). Coccolithogenesis in Scyphosphaera apsteinii (Prymnesiophyceae). Journal of Phycology. 48: 1343-1361. gs

Dunkley Jones, T., Bown, P. R. & Pearson, P. (2009). Exceptionally well preserved upper Eocene to lower Oligocene calcareous nannofossils (Prymnesiophycidae) from the Pande Formation (Kilwa Group), Tanzania. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 7(4): 359-411. gs

Frada, M., Percopo, I., Young, J. R., Zingone, A., de Vargas, C. & Probert, I. (2009). First observations of heterococcolithophore-holococcolithophore life cycle combinations in the family Pontosphaeraceae (Calcihaptophycideae, Haptophyta). Marine Micropaleontology. 71(1): 20-27. gs

Kamptner, E. (1955). Fossile Coccolithineen-Skelettreste aus Insulinde. Eine mikropaläontologische Untersuchung. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. ser 2, 50: 1-105. gs

Lohmann, H. (1902). Die Coccolithophoridae, eine Monographie der Coccolithen bildenden Flagellaten, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Mittelmeerauftriebs. Archiv für Protistenkunde. 1: 89-165. gs O

Müller, C. (1974). Calcareous nannoplankton, Leg 25 (Western Indian Ocean). Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 25: 579-633. gs

Perch-Nielsen, K. (1972). Remarks on Late Cretaceous to Pleistocene coccoliths from the North Atlantic. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 12: 1003-1069. gs

Perch-Nielsen, K. (1977). Albian to Pleistocene calcareous nannofossils from the Western South Atlantic, DSDP Leg 39. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 39: 699-823. gs O

Reid, F. M. H. (1980). Coccolithophorids of the North Pacific Central Gyre with notes on their vertical and seasonal distribution. Micropaleontology. 26(2): 151-176. gs

Samtleben, C. (1978). Pliocene-Pleistocene coccolith assemblages from Sierra Leone Rise - Site 366, Leg 41. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 41(16): 913-931. gs

Siesser, W. G. (1998). Calcareous nannofossil Genus Scyphosphaera: structure, taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny. Micropaleontology. 44(4): 351-384. gs

Varol, O. (1984). New Neogene calcareous nannofossil taxa from Malta and southern Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte. 6: 375-384. gs

Varol, O. (1989a). Calcareous nannofossil study of the central and western Solomon Islands. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources Earth Sciences. 239-268. gs

Young, J. R. (1998). Neogene. In, Bown, P. R. (ed.) Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. British Micropalaeontological Society Publication Series . 225-265. gs

Young, J. R., Geisen, M., Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Probert, I. & Ostergaard, J. B. (2003). A guide to extant coccolithophore taxonomy. Journal of Nannoplankton Research. S1: 1-132. gs

Scyphosphaera apsteinii

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Sub-taxa & variants (time control age-window is: 0-800Ma)
				Scyphosphaera apsteinii forma dilatata Form of S. apsteinii with wide distal opening.