Nannotax3 - ntax_cenozoic - Syracosphaera molischii HOL

Citation: Syracosphaera molischii Schiller, 1925 HOL

Synonyms:

Anthosphaera fragaria Kamptner, 1937. This name has been used very widely in the literature but the morphotype is now established as being a life-cycle phase of Syracosphaera molischii, which has priority (Triantaphyllou et al. 2016)
Helladosphaera fragaria (Kamptner, 1937) Gaarder 1962
Calyptrolithina fragaria (Kamptner, 1937) Norris 1985

Taxonomic discussion: See Kleijne 1991 for extensive discussion of the morphotype

Distinguishing features:
Parent taxon (Syracosphaera HOL (Anthosphaera type)): fried egg shape, dimorphic (CFCs with large leaf-like process)
This taxon: BCs elliptical with low, rounded, protrusion; perforations barely visible. CFCs with high leaf

BCs with ring of single-crystallite width perforations at base of dome, rim well developed, 1-1.5 µm long.
CFCs with high process (2.5-3 µm), lower part with angular crystallites, upper part smooth.

Combination coccospheres of Anthosphaera fragaria with Syracosphaera molischii have been illustrated by Cros et al. 2000, Triantaphyllou et al. (2016) and Skejic et al. 2018. There are now several clear examples of this combination, so we follow Triantaphylou et al. (2016) in reccomending that the combination is considered proven and the nomenclature adjusted. The heterococcoliths in the combination coccosphere are of S. molischii type 2, type 3 and type 4 but all have similar holococcoliths.

Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): Extant. Data source: present in the plankton (Young et al. 2003)
First occurrence (base): within No known fossil record modern (0.00-0.00Ma, base in "Holocene" stage). Data source: [JRY rough estimate]

References:

Archontikis, O. A, Young, J. R. & Cros, L. (2020). Taxonomic revision and classification of extant holococcolithophores previously placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica. 59: 121-139. gs

Cerino, F., Malinverno, E., Fornasaro, D., Kralj, M. & Cabrini, M. (2017). Coccolithophore diversity and dynamics at a coastal site in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. 196: 331-345. gs

Cros, L. & Fortuño, J. -M. (2002). Atlas of northwestern Mediterranean coccolithophores. Scientia Marina. 66: 1-186. gs

Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Zeltner, A., Billard, C. & Young, J. R. (2000b). New examples of holococcolith-heterococcolith combination coccospheres and their implications for coccolithophorid biology. In, Young, J. R., Thierstein, H. R. & Winter, A. (eds) Nannoplankton ecology and palaeocology, Proceedings of the INA7 conference, Puerto Rico, February 1998. Marine Micropaleontology . 39(1-4): 1-34. gs

Gaarder, K. R. (1962). Electron Microscope Studies on Holococcolithophorids. Nytt Magasin for Botanikk. 10: 35-51. gs O

Kamptner, E. (1937). Neue und bemerkenswerte Coccolithineen aus dem Mittelmeer. Archiv für Protistenkunde. 89: 279-316. gs

Kleijne, A. (1991). Holococcolithophorids from the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology. 17: 1-76. gs

Norris, R. E. (1985). Indian Ocean nanoplankton. II. Holococcolithophorids (Calyptrosphaeraceae, Prymnesiophyceae) with a review of extant genera. Journal of Phycology. 21: 619-641. gs

Schiller, J. (1925). Die planktonischen Vegetationen des adriatischen Meeres. A. Die Coccolithophoriden-Vegetation in den Jahren 1911-14. Archiv für Protistenkunde. 51: 1-130. gs

Skejic, S. et al. (2018). Coccolithophore diversity in open waters of the middle Adriatic Sea in pre- T and post-winter periods. Marine Micropaleontology. 143(1): 30-45. gs

Triantaphyllou, M. et al. (2016). Coccolithophore combination coccospheres from the NE Mediterranean Sea: new evidence and taxonomic revisions. Micropaleontology. 61 [2015](6): 457-472. gs

Young, J. R., Geisen, M., Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Probert, I. & Ostergaard, J. B. (2003). A guide to extant coccolithophore taxonomy. Journal of Nannoplankton Research. S1: 1-132. gs

Syracosphaera molischii HOL

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Sub-taxa & variants (time control age-window is: 0-800Ma)
				Syracosphaera molischii var. pertusa HOL Variety with well-developed pores in BCs and a grill-like base to the CFC process.